Classifications and basic principles of surveying - Equipment and accessories for ranging and chaining - Methods of ranging - Compass - Types of Compass - Basic Principles- Bearing – Types - True Bearing - Magnetic Bearing - Levelling- Principles and theory of Levelling – Datum- Bench Marks – Temporary and Permanent Adjustments- Methods of Levelling- Booking – Reduction - Sources of errors in Levelling - Curvature and refraction.

Horizontal and vertical angle measurements - Temporary and permanent adjustments - Heights and distances - Tacheometer - Stadia Constants - Analytic Lens -Tangential and Stadia Tacheometry surveying - Contour – Contouring – Characteristics of contours – Methods of contouring – Tacheometric contouring - Contour gradient – Uses of contour plan and map

Horizontal and vertical control – Methods – specifications – triangulation- baseline – satellite stations – reduction to centre- trigonometrical levelling – single and reciprocal observations – traversing – Gale’s table. - Errors Sources- precautions and corrections – classification of errors – true and most probable values - weighed observations – method of equal shifts – principle of least squares - normal equation – correlates- level nets- adjustment of simple triangulation networks.

Hydrographic Surveying – Tides – MSL – Sounding methods – Three point problem – Strength of fix – astronomical Surveying – Field observations and determination of Azimuth by altitude and hour angle methods –.Astronomical terms and definitions - Motion of sun and stars - Celestial coordinate systems - different time systems - Nautical Almanac - Apparent altitude and corrections - Field observations and determination of time, longitude, latitude and azimuth by altitude and hour angle method

Total Station : Advantages - Fundamental quantities measured - Parts and accessories - working principle - On board calculations - Field procedure - Errors and Good practices in using Total Station GPS Surveying : Different segments - space, control and user segments - satellite configuration - signal structure - Orbit determination and representation - Anti Spoofing and Selective Availability - Task of control segment - Hand Held and Geodetic receivers - data processing - Traversing and triangulation.