FUNDAMENTALS OF CONVENTIONAL SURVEYING AND LE

2 MARKS 1. What is difference between plane surveying geodetic surveying? (NOV/DEC 2014) 2. What is meant by well conditioned triangle? (NOV/DEC 2014) 3. Define datum. (NOV/DEC 2014) 4. What do you mean by positive RL and negative RL? (NOV/DEC 2009) 5. What is Foresight and Backsight? (NOV/DEC 2008) 6. What is check levelling? (APR/MAY 2010) 7. Define Benchmark (BM). (APR/MAY 2011) 8. What is parallax elimination? (NOV/DEC 2012) 9. List the types of benchmark. 10. Define line of collimation and line of sight. 11. What do you mean by change point? 12. What are all the steps in temporary adjustment of levelling process? 13. What is the difference between H.I (H.C) and Rise & Fall method? 14. What do you mean by effect of curvature (Cc) and effect of Refraction (Cr) 15. Describe the principle of Surveying. (APR/MAY 2011) 16. Define magnetic Dip and magnetic Declination. (NOV/DEC 2014) 17. What is magnetic meridian? (NOV/DEC 2009) 18. What is whole circle bearing? (NOV/DEC 2009) 19. Convert the following whole circular bearings to reduced bearing (APR/MAY 2011) (a) 151°20ʹ30ʺ (b) 332°40ʹ15ʺ 13 MARKS 1. Explain the methods of reciprocal ranging. (6 mark) (NOV/DEC 2014) 2. What are the different sources of error in levelling and explain those details? (NOV/DEC 2014) 10 mark 3. Discuss the working principle of prismatic compass in detail. (NOV/DEC 2009) 4. The bearings of the sides of a traverse ABCDE are as follows: (NOV/DEC 2014) LINE (OR) SIDE FORE BEARING BACK BEARING AB 107°15ʹ 287°15ʹ BC 22°0ʹ 202°0ʹ CD 281°30ʹ 101°30ʹ DE 189°15ʹ 9°15ʹ EA 124°45ʹ 304°45ʹ 5. The following are the bearings observed in traversing with a compass an area where local attraction was suspected. Find the amount of local attraction at different stations, the correct bearings of the lines and the included angles. (APR/MAY 2010) LINE (OR) SIDE FB BB AB 59°00ʹ 239°00ʹ BC 139°30ʹ 317°00ʹ CD 215°15ʹ 36°30ʹ DE 208°00ʹ 29°00ʹ EA 318°30ʹ 138°45ʹ 6. The following consecutive readings were taken with a level and 4m levelling staff ground at common interval of 30m as 0.725 on A ,0.955,2.875,3.785,3.835,0.865,1.035,1.785,2.625,3.845,0.965,1.575 and 2.015 on B. The elevation of point A is 120.50m. Makeup level book page, apply usual check and calculate the reduced levels of points by HI (HC) method. Also calculate the gradient of line AB. (NOV/DEC 2014) 7. The following consecutive readings were taken with a dumpy level and 4m levelling staff on a continuously slopping ground at 30m intervals. 0.680,1.455,1.855,2.330,2.885,3.380,1.055,1.860,2.265,3.540,0.835,0.945,1.530 and 2.250 R.L of starting point was 80.750m. (1) Rule out a page of a level book and enter the above reading by Rise and Fall method. (3 mark) (2) Determine the R.L of various staff stations. (10 mark) (3) Estimate average gradient of ground measured. (3 mark) (APR/MAY 2010) 8. The following is the page of a level field book. Fill in the missing reading and calculate the reduced levels of all the points. Apply usual check: Points B.S I.S F.S RISE FALL R.L REMARK 1 1.450 420.690 2 X 3.670 3 5.840 X 416.300 4 X X 415.920 5 X 1.320 6 5.230 X 2.640 7 3.280 X 8 X 3.540 418.190 9 X X 416.990 9. Define curvature and refraction effects and write the formulas for all corrections. (4 mark)

Theodolite,Tacheometer and contour

2 MARKS 1. Define contouring and contours. 2. Defines topographic maps. 3. Define contour interval and horizontal equivalent. 4. Mention the different methods of contouring. 5. Mention the methods of interpolating contouring. 6. Define contour gradient. 7. Define LS and CS. 8. What are the uses of contours? 9. What is tacheometric surveying? 10. List out the different methods of tacheometry. 11. Define stadia method of tacheometry. 12. List out the different stadia methods. 13. What are the three types of telescope used in stadia surveying? 14. What are the advantages of an anallatic lens used in tacheometer? 15. Compare tangential and stadia method. 16. Define stadia intercept. 17. What is the principle of stadia method? 18. What is the difference between theodolite and tacheometer? 19. What is multiplying constant and additive constant? 20. In the fixed hair method, the line of sight is horizontal and staff is held vertically. If additive constant is zero, multiplying constant is 100 and distance two hairs is 2.7m, determine the horizontal distance between the two stations. 21. What is theodolite? 22. Mention the Classification of Theodolites. 23. What is the temporary adjustment of theodolite? 24. What is the advantage of method of repetition? 25. What are the fundamental lines of a transit theodolite? 13 MARKS 1. Explain the characteristics of contours. 2. Explain the use of contour plan and map also explain the methods of contouring. 3. Explain contour gradient and tacheometric contour. 4. The following readings were taken on a vertical staff with a tacheometer fitted with an analytic lens and having a constant of 100. Calculate the relative level of the ground at A and B and the gradient between A and B. Staff station Bearing Staff readings Vertical angles A 47°10’ 0.940 1.500 2.060 8°0’ B 227°10’ 0.847 2.000 3.153 -5°0’ 5. The following notes refer to a line levelled tacheometrically with an anallatic tacheometer, the multiplying constant being 100: Inst. station Height of axis Staff station Vertical angles Hair readings Remarks P 1.5 B.M -6°12’ 0.963, 1.515, 2.067 R.L of B.M. = 460.65 m staff held vertically. P 1.5 Q 7°5’ 0.819, 1.341, 1.863 Q 1.6 R 12°27’ 1.860, 2.445, 3.030 Compute the reduced levels of P.Q and R and the horizontal distances PQ and QR. 6. A tacheometer is setup at an intermediate point at on a traverse course PQ. The Following observations are made on the vertically held staff. Staff Station Vertical Angle Staff Intercept AxialHair reading P 8°36’ 2.350 2.105 Q 6°6’ 2.055 1.895 The Instrument is fitted with an analytic lens and the constant is 100- compute the length of PQ and R-C of Q that of P being 321.5m. 7. A theodolite has a tacheometric multiplying constant of 100 and an additive constant of zero. The centre reading on a vertical staff held at point B was 2.292 m when sight from A. If the vertical angle was +25º and the horizontal distance AB 190.326 m, calculate the other staff readings and show that the two intercept intervals are not equal. Using these values, calculate the level of B if A is 37.950 m angle of depression and the height of the instrument is 1.35 m. 8. Two points A & B are on opposite sides of a summit. The tacheometer was set up at P on top of the summit, and the following readings were taken. Inst. station Height of axis Staff station Vertical angles Hair readings Remarks P 1.500 A -10° 1.150, 2.050, 2.950 RL of P = 450.500m P 1.500 B -12° 0.855, 1.605, 2.355 9. The following observation were made using a tacheometer fitted with an anallatic lens, the multiplying constant being 100. Inst. station Height of axis Staff station WCB Vertical angles Hair readings Remarks O 1.550 A 30°30’ 4°30’ 1.155, 1.755, 2.355 RL of O = 150.00 B 75°30’ 10°15’ 1.250, 2.00, 2.750 Calculate the distance AB, and the RLs of A and B. Find also the gradient of the line AB. 10. Two observations were taken upon a vertical staff by means of a theodolite, the reduced level of its trunnion axis being 160.95. In the case of the first, the angle of elevation was 4°36’ and the staff reading 0.75. In the case of second observation, the staff reading was 3.45 and the angle of elevation 5°48’. Calculate the reduced level of the staff station and its distance from the instrument. 11. A staff was held vertically at distance of 45m and 120m from the centre of a theodolite fitted with stadia hairs and the staff intercepts with the telescope horizontal were 0.447m and 1.193m respectively. The instrument was then set over a station P of R .L 500.25m and the height of the instrument was 1.45m. The hair readings on a staff held vertically at station Q were 1.20, 1.93 and 2.66m while the vertical angle was -9°30’. Find the distance PQ and the RL of Q. 12. How horizontal angles are measured using repetition a reiteration method? 13. Find the tacheometer constants from following observation staff held vertically at distance measured from the instrument. The focal length of the object glass is 30cm and the distance from the object glass is 20cm. Observation Horizontal distance Vertical angle Staff intercept (m) 1 40 2 ̊36 ̕ 0.400 2 50 1 ̊12 ̕ 0.700 3 120 0 ̊30 ̕ 1.200 14. Define the following terms: - a. Vertical axis b. Horizontal axis c. Line of sight / line of collimation. d. Axis of level tube e. Centering f. Transiting g. Swinging the telescope h. Face left / face right observation i. Telescope normal j. Telescope inverted k. Changingface.

CONTROL SURVEYING AND ADJUSTMENT

2 MARKS 1. What is mean by control surveying? (MAY/JUN 2016). 2. What is a satellite station and reduction to centre? (MAY/JUN 2016) 3. What is called triangulation? (APR/MAY 2015) 4. What is the application Gale’s table? (APR/MAY 2015) 5. Define weight of an observation (MAY/JUN 2016) and (APR/MAY 2010) 6. What is true and most probable value? (APR/MAY 2015) 7. Distinguish between true error and residual error (MAY/JUN 2009) 8. Give any four random errors occur in linear measurements. (Nov/Dec 2010) 9. Define principles of least squares. (MAY/JUN 2016) ,(APR/MAY 2015) & (Nov/Dec 2010) 10. What do you mean by figure adjustment in triangulation? (MAY/JUN 2016) 11. Distinguish between observed value and most probable value (MAY/JUN 2012) 12. What are normal equations? (MAY/JUN 2012) 13. Define conditioned quantity. (APR/MAY 2010) 14. Write a note on accidental error. (Nov/Dec 2010) 15. Explain the method of correlates. (Nov/Dec 2015) 13 MARKS 1. What is meant by triangulation and describe classification of triangulation?-8 marks (MAY/JUN 2016) 2. From an eccentric station S, 12.25 m to the west of main station B, the following angle was obtained. Angle BSC = 76°25ʹ32ʺ, angle CSA = 54°32ʹ20ʺ. The stations S and C are opposite sides of the line AB. Calculate the correct angle ABC, if the lengths of AB and BC are 5286.5m and 4932.2m respectively. – 7 mark (MAY/JUN 2016) and (NOV/DEC 2016) 3. Find the difference of levels of the points A and B and the R.L of B from the following data. Horizontal distance between A and B = 5625.389m, angle of depression from A and B = P 28°34ʹ, height of signal of B = 3.886m, height of instrument at A = 1.497m, coefficient of refraction = 0.07 and R sin 1ʺ = 30.876m. Take R.L of A = 1265.85. 9 mark (MAY/JUN 2016) 4. Discuss various laws of weight. (MAY/JUN 2016) 5. The following are mean values observed in the measurement of three angles α, β and γ at one station α = 76º 42ʹ 46.2ʺ with weight 4, α + β = 134º 36ʹ 32.6ʺ with weight 3, β + γ = 185º 35ʹ 24.8ʺ with weight 2, α + β + γ = 262º 18ʹ 10.4ʺ with weight 1 calculate the most probable value of each angle. (MAY/JUN 2016) 6. A surveyor carried out levelling operation of a closed circuit ABCDA starting from A and made the following observations: B was 8.164m above A, weight 2 C was 6.284m above B, weight 2 D was 5.626m above C, weight 3 D was 19.964m above A, weight 3 and determine the probable heights of B, C and D above A by method of correlates. (MAY/JUN 2016) 7. Find the most probable values of angles A,B and C of triangle ABC from the following observation equations: (APR/MAY 2015) A = 68º 12ʹ 36ʺ , B = 53º 46ʹ 12ʺ and C = 58º 01ʹ 16ʺ 8. The angle of triangle ABC were recorded as follows: A = 77º 14ʹ 20ʺ wt - 4 B = 49º 40ʹ 35ʺ wt - 3 C = 58º 04ʹ 52ʺ wt – 2 give the corrected values of angles. (Nov/Dec 2016) 9. Find the most probable values of angles A and B from the following observations: A = 49º 48ʹ 36.6ʺ wt - 2 B = 54º 37ʹ 48.3ʺ wt - 3 A+B = 104º 26ʹ 28.5ʺ wt – 4 (Nov/Dec 2016) 10. Form the normal equation for x, y, z in the following equations. a. 3X+3Y+Z-4=0 b. X+2Y+2Z-6=0 c. 5X+Y+4Z-21=0 If the weight of the above equations are 2, 3 and 1 respectively from the normal equation for x, y and z (Apr/May 2017) 11. What is meant by triangulation adjustment? Explain the different conditions and cases with sketches. (Nov/Dec 2012) 12. The following angles were measured at a station ‘O’ so as to close the horizontal angles: Adjust the angles by Alternate method of difference and method of correlates. (Nov/Dec 2016) Inst station Angle Weight AOB 83 º 42’ 28.75” 3 BOC 102 º 15’ 43.26” 2 COD 94 º 38’ 27.2” 4 DOA 79 º 23’ 23.77” 2