Minimization Techniques: Number systems, Boolean postulates and laws – De-Morgan’s Theorem - Principle of Duality - Boolean expression - Minimization of Boolean expressions –– Minterm – Maxterm - Sum of Products (SOP) – Product of Sums (POS) – Karnaugh map Minimization – Don’t care conditions. Tabulation method. Logic Gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Exclusive–OR and Exclusive–NOR Implementations of Logic Functions using gates, NAND–NOR implementations.

Design procedure – Half adder – Full Adder – Half subtractor – Full subtractor – Parallel binary adder, parallel binary Subtractor – Fast Adder - Carry Look Ahead adder – Serial Adder/Subtractor - BCD adder – Binary Multiplier –Multiplexer/ Demultiplexer – decoder - encoder – parity checker – parity generators – code converters - Magnitude Comparator.

Latches, Design thinking approach of Edge triggered Flip flops SR, JK, T, D and Master slave – Characteristic table and equation, Application table, Synchronous counters, Design of synchronous counters, up/down counter, Modulo–n counter, Decade counters.

Register, shift registers, Universal shift register, Ring counters, Classification of sequential circuits: Moore and Mealy, Design of synchronous sequential circuits, state diagram, State table, State minimization, State assignment, Introduction to Hazards: Static, Dynamic.

Memories: ROM, PROM, EEPROM, RAM, Programmable Logic Devices: Programmable Logic Array (PLA), Programmable Array Logic (PAL), Implementation of combinational logic using PROM , PLA and PAL, Digital logic families: TTL, ECL and CMOS.