Definition – Principles – Classification of Surveying – Field and office work – Scales – Conventional signs – Survey instruments, their care and adjustment – Ranging and chaining – Reciprocal ranging – Offset – Area enclosed by straight line irregular figures – Prismatic compass – Surveyor’s compass – Bearing – Systems and conversions – Local attraction – Magnetic declination – Dip – Traversing – Included angle – Plotting – Adjustment of error.

Definition – Terms – Levels and Staves – Temporary and permanent adjustments – Fly and check levelling – Booking – Reduction – Curvature and refraction – Reciprocal levelling – Longitudinal and cross sections – Plotting – Calculation of areas and volumes – Contouring – Methods – Characteristics and uses of contours – Plotting – Capacity of reservoirs

Theodolite – Types – Description – Horizontal and vertical angles – Temporary and permanent adjustments – Heights and distances – Tangential and Stadia Tacheometry – Stadia constants – Anallactic lens – Curves – Terminologies – Types – Setting out a simple curve – Rankine’s method of deflection angle.

Basic Principle – Classifications – Electro-optical system: Measuring principle, Working principle, Sources of Error. Microwave system: Measuring principle, working principle, Sources of Error. Comparison between Electro-optical and Microwave system. Care and maintenance of Total Station instruments. Modern positioning systems – Traversing and Trilateration

Basic Concepts – Different segments – space, control and user segments – Satellite configuration – signal structure – Orbit determination and representation – Anti Spoofing and Selective Availability – Task of control segment – Hand Held and Geodetic receivers – data processing – Traversing and Triangulation – Application of GPS.