Definition – Principles – Classification of Surveying – Field and office work – Scales – Conventional

Survey instruments, their care and adjustment – Ranging and chaining – Reciprocal ranging – Offset – Area enclosed by straight line irregular figures –

Prismatic compass – Surveyor’s compass – Bearing – Systems and conversions – Local attraction – Magnetic declination – Dip – Traversing – Included angle – Plotting – Adjustment of error.

Definition – Terms – Levels and Staves – Temporary and permanent adjustments

Basic Concepts – Different segments – space, control and user segments – Satellite configuration – signal structure

Orbit determination and representation – Anti Spoofing and Selective Availability – Task of control segment