Operating system basics: Introduction, Computer-System Organization, Computer-System Architecture, Operating-System Structure, Kernel Data Structures, System calls, Computing Environments, Open-Source Operating Systems.

Process management: Processes, Process scheduling algorithms, Inter process Communication, Examples of IPC Systems, Threads, Multi core Programming, Multithreading Models, Thread Libraries, thread issues. Process Synchronization: Critical-Section Problem, Peterson’s Solution, Synchronization Hardware, Mutex Locks, Semaphores, Classic Problems of Synchronization, Monitors, CPU Scheduling, Scheduling Criteria, Thread Scheduling.

Deadlocks: System Model, Deadlock Characterization, Methods for Handling Deadlocks, Deadlock Prevention, Deadlock Avoidance, Deadlock Detection, Recovery from Deadlock.

Memory Management: Swapping, Contiguous Memory Allocation, Paging, Segmentation, Intel 32 and 64-bit Architectures, ARM Architecture. Virtual-Memory Management: Demand Paging, Copy-on-Write, Page Replacement, Allocation of Frames, Thrashing, Allocating Kernel Memory.

Storage management: Overview of Mass-Storage, Disk Structure, Disk Attachment, Disk Scheduling, File System Interface, File Concept, Access Methods, Directory and Disk Structure, File-System Mounting, File Sharing, Protection.