Constructional details of spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines. Working principles. Two stroke SI and CI engines – construction and working. Comparison of SI and CI engines and four stroke and two stroke engines – Indicated Power, Brake Power, Indicated thermal, brake thermal and volumetric efficiencies. Measurement of friction, Cylinder pressure – Measurement of Engine CC Experiments: 1. Valve timing and port timing diagram. 2. Performance test on two-wheeler SI engine. 3. Performance test on automotive multi-cylinder SI engine 4. Performance test on automotive multi-cylinder CI engine.

Air fuel ratio requirements of SI engines, Air fuel ratio and emissions, Working of a simple fixed venture carburettor, Constant vacuum carburettor. Diesel fuel injection systems-Jerk pumps, distributor pumps, pintle and multihole nozzles, Unit injector and Common Rail Direct Injection systems. Description of a simple diesel engine governor. Experiments: 1. Morse test on multi-cylinder SI engine.

Need for cooling, types of cooling systems- air and liquid cooling systems. Forced circulation and pressurized cooling systems. Properties of coolants. Requirements of lubrication systems. Types-mist, pressure feed, dry and wet sump systems. Properties of lubricants. Experiments: 1. Heat balance test on automotive multi-cylinder SI engine. 2. Heat balance test on automotive multi-cylinder CI engine.

Introduction to combustion in SI and diesel engines and stages of combustion - Dependence of ignition timing on load and speed. Knock in SI and CI engines - Combustion chambers for SI and CI engines - Direct and indirect injection combustion chambers for CI engines - Importance of Swirl, squish and turbulence - Factors controlling combustion chamber design

Emission formation in SI and CI Engine - Design modifications – Optimization of operating factors – Fuel modification – Evaporative emission control - Exhaust gas recirculation – SCR – Fumigation – Secondary Air injection – PCV system – Particulate Trap – CCS – Exhaust treatment in SI engines –Thermal reactors – Catalytic converters – Catalysts – Use of unleaded petrol. Introduction to BS VI Experiments: 1. Emission test on two-wheeler SI engine. 2. Emission test on automotive multi-cylinder SI engine 3. Emission test on automotive multi-cylinder CI engine.