Introduction: Computer System Organization, Architecture, Operation, Process Management – Memory Management – Storage Management – Operating System – Process concept – Process scheduling – Operations on processes – Cooperating processes – Inter process communication. Threads: Multi-threading Models – Threading issues. Lab Practice:  Basic UNIX Commands and system calls of UNIX operating system: fork, exec, getpid, exit, wait, close, stat, opendir, readdir, open, read, write  Simple Shell program - Conditional Statements - Testing and Loops  Develop Application using Inter Process communication (using shared memory, pipes or message queues)

CPU Scheduling: Scheduling criteria – Scheduling algorithms – Multiple-processor scheduling – Real time scheduling – Algorithm Evaluation. Process Synchronization: The critical-section problem – Synchronization hardware – Semaphores – Classical problems of synchronization. Deadlock: System model – Deadlock characterization – Methods for handling deadlocks – Deadlock prevention – Deadlock avoidance – Deadlock detection – Recovery from deadlock. Lab Practice:  Print Gantt chart for FCFS, SJF, Priority & Round Robin for a set of process compute and print the average waiting time and average turnaround time for a given set of processes  Implement Producer – Consumer problem using semaphores  Simulate an Algorithm for Dead Lock Detection

Memory Management: Background – Swapping – Contiguous memory allocation – Paging – Segmentation – Segmentation with paging. Virtual Memory: Background – Demand paging – Process creation – Page replacement – Allocation of frames – Thrashing Lab Practice:  Implement memory management schemes

File concept: Access methods – Directory structure – Files System Mounting – File Sharing – Protection. File System Implementation: Directory implementation – Allocation methods – Free-space management. Lab Practice:  Implement any one file allocation technique (Linked, Indexed or Contiguous)

I/O Systems: I/O Hardware – Application I/O interface – Kernel I/O subsystem – Streams – performance. Mass-Storage Structure: Disk scheduling – Disk management – Swap-space management – RAID – disk attachment – stable storage – teritiary storage. Case study: I/O in Linux. Lab Practice:  Given an array of disk track numbers and initial head position using FCFS, C- SCAN, SSTF find the total number of seek operations done to access all the requested tracks