THEORY S Parameters: Scattering parameters, properties of S matrix, Conversion of ABCD and S matrix, S matrix representation of Waveguide corners, bends, twists, Directional couplers, Circulators, Isolators, Attenuators, Wave guide Tee, Hybrid Tee, Hybrid rings (rat-race) and Terminator. PRACTICAL (a) Directional Coupler (b) S - matrix Characterization of E-Plane Tee, H-Plane Tee and Magic Tee

THEORY Reflex Klystron – Modes and efficiency considerations– Two cavity klystron amplifier –PIN modulator -Parametric amplifiers -Gunn diode and its mode Magnetrons – TWT. PRACTICAL (a) Study of Microwave Components, Reflex Klystron –Mode characteristics. (b) Gunn Diode – Characteristics

THEORY Microwave Measurements: Spectrum analyser-Network Analyzer, VSWR, power, impedance, insertion loss, scattering parameters and dielectric constant measurement. PRACTICAL (a) Frequency and Wave Length Measurement. (b) Attenuation and power measurement

THEORY Optical Fibers and Devices: Optical f iber s t ructures , Acceptance angle, Numerical aperture, Optical Windows, Attenuation, Absorption losses – Scattering losses and bending losses– Optical Sources - LED, ILD characteristics. Optical detectors – PIN – APD-Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers. PRACTICAL (a) DC characteristics of LED and PIN Photo Diode. (b) Characteristics of LASER.

THEORY Optical transmitters and receivers, System- point to point link – link design, power budget analysis. WDM- DWDM and SONET/SDH. OTDM-Introduction to AON, PON and FTH. PRACTICAL (a) Measurement of Coupling and Bending Losses. (b ) Numerical Aperture determination for Fibers