Characteristics of living organisms - Basic classification - cell theory - structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell - Introduction to biomolecules: definition – general classification and important functions of carbohydrates – lipids – proteins - nucleic acids vitamins and enzymes - genes and chromosome.

Plant System: basic concepts of plant growth – nutrition - photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation – Animal System: elementary study of digestive – respiratory – circulatory excretory systems and their functions. Microbial System: history - types of microbes - economic importance and control of microbes.

Evolution: theories of evolution - Mendel‟s cell division – mitosis and meiosis - evidence of e laws of inheritance - variation and speciation - nucleic acids as a genetic material - central dogma immunity – antigens – antibody – immune response.

Definition - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diabetes, cancer, hypertension, influenza, AIDS and Hepatitis.

Transgenic plants and animals - stem cell and tissue engineering – bioreactors – biopharming – recombinant vaccines – cloning - drug discovery - biological neural networks bioremediation – biofertilizer – biocontrol – biofilters – biosensors – biopolymers – bioenergy – biomaterials – biochips - basic biomedical instrumentation.