Plane Truss Analysis - Propped cantilever beam, fixed – fixed beam, Principle of Super position, Clapeyron‘s three moment equation and moment distribution method for indeterminate beams -Strain Energy in axial, bending, torsion and shear loadings. Castigliano‘s theorems and their applications. Energy theorems – dummy load & unit load Methods.

Classification of columns – Euler buckling – columns with different end conditions. Euler‘s column curve – inelastic buckling – effect of initial curvature – the Southwell plot– Columns with eccentricity – use of energy methods – theory of beam columns – beam columns with different end conditions – stresses in beam columns-Failure Theories

General, Principal axis and neutral axis methods – Bending of symmetric beams subject to skew loads – Bending stresses in beams of unsymmetrical sections.

Thin walled beams – Concept of shear flow – The shear centre and its determination – Structural idealization – Shear flow variation in idealized sections. Bredt-Batho theory– Shear flow distribution in thin walled single & multi-cell structures subject to combined bending and torsion – with walls effective and ineffective in bending – Shear centre of closed sections

Bending of thin plates –Local buckling stress of thin-walled sections – Crippling strength estimation by Needham and Gerard methods –Load carrying capacity of sheet stiffener panels –Inter rivet buckling and sheet wrinkling failures – Effective width. Loads on an aircraft– the V-n diagram – Shear force and bending moment distribution over the aircraft wing and fuselage – Tension field beam theory. Thermal stresses – impact loading – Fatigue – Creep - Stress Relaxation.