Review of Power System components. Analysis of Power Flows: Formation of Bus Admittance Matrix. Real and reactive power balance equations at a node. Load and Generator Specifications. Gauss Seidel and Newton-Raphson methods for the solution of the power flow equations, Comparison of power flow methods, Computational Issues in Large-scale Power Systems.

Importance of stability analysis in power system planning and operation - classification of power system stability –Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system: Development of swing equation - equal area criterion - determination of critical clearing angle and time by using modified Euler method and Runge-Kutta second order method- Stability based Power system blackout case studies.

Basics of speed governing mechanism and modeling - speed-load characteristics - control area concept - LFC control of a single-area system - two-area system – modeling - static analysis and dynamic analysis - tie line with frequency bias control. Automatic Generation Control - Generation and absorption of reactive power- excitation systems modeling - static and dynamic analysis - stability compensation - methods of voltage control: tap-changing transformer, SVC (TCR + TSC) and STATCOM.

Formulation of economic dispatch problem – I/O cost characterization – incremental cost curve - co-ordination equations without and with loss (qualitative treatment only) - statement of unit commitment problem – constraints in unit commitment-priority-list method - forward dynamic programming.

Overview of Energy Control Centre Functions: SCADA systems. Phasor Measurement Units and Wide-Area Measurement Systems. network topology, State-estimation. System Security Assessment. Normal, Alert, Emergency, Extremis states of a Power System. Contingency Analysis. Preventive Control and Emergency Control.