Strain energy and strain energy density – strain energy due to axial load (gradual, sudden and impact loadings), shear, flexure and torsion – Castiligliano’s theorem - Maxwell’s reciprocal theorem - Principle of virtual work – application of energy theorems for computing deflections in determinate beams, plane frames and plane trusses.

Concept of Analysis - propped cantilever and fixed beams - fixed end moments and reactions – sinking and rotation of supports - Theorem of three moments – analysis of continuous beams – shear force and bending moment diagrams.

Euler’s column theory – critical load for prismatic columns with different end conditions – effective length – limitations - Rankine-Gordon formula - Eccentrically loaded short columns – middle third rule - core of a section.

Theories of failure–Principal stress - Principal strain – shear stress – Strain energy and distortion energy theories –application in analysis of stress, load carrying capacity.

Unsymmetrical bending of beams of symmetrical and unsymmetrical sections – Shear Centre - Curved beams – Winkler Bach formula.