Principle and Construction of Lead Acid and Lithium-Ion Battery- Characteristics of Battery Rating Capacity and Efficiency of Batteries- Various Tests on Batteries- Maintenance and Charging. Lighting System and Photometry: insulated and Earth Return System- Details of Head Light and Side Light- LED Lighting System- Head Light Dazzling and Preventive Methods Horns- Wiper System and Trafficator. Experiments: 1. Testing of batteries and battery maintenance a. Hydrometer test b. High rate discharge test c. Open circuit voltage test 2. Study of Automobile electrical wiring

Condition at Starting- Behavior of Starter During Starting- Series Motor and Its Characteristics- Principle and Construction of Starter Motor- Working of Different Starter Drive mechanisms - Care and Maintenances of Starter Motor- Starter Switches -Spark Plugs- Advance Mechanisms - Different Types of Ignition Systems. Experiments: 1. Testing of starting motors and AC generators 2. Study of ignition systems

Generation of Direct Current- Shunt Generator Characteristics- Armature Reaction- Third Brush Regulation- Cutout. Voltage and Current Regulators- Compensated Voltage Regulator Alternators Principle and Constructional Aspects and Bridge Rectifiers- New Developments. Experiments: 1. Study of regulators and cut – outs 2. Design of half wave and bridge rectifiers

Types of Sensors: Sensor for Speed- Throttle Position- Exhaust Oxygen Level- Manifold Pressure- Crankshaft Position- Coolant Temperature- Exhaust Temperature- Air Mass Flow for Engine Application. Solenoids- Stepper Motors- Relay. Experiments: 1. Study of transistor configuration 2. Design of Low Pass Filter & High Pass Filter 3. Interfacing of RTD andLVDT sensors

Current Trends in Automotive Electronic Engine Management System- Types of EMS Electromagnetic interference Suppression- Electromagnetic Compatibility- Electronic Dashboard Instruments- Onboard Diagnostic System- Security - Warning System infotainment and Telematics. Experiments: 1. Interfacing ADC and DAC 2. Microcontroller programming & interfacing using a. DC motor b. Stepper motor c. Traffic light controller 3. Study of MPFI System 4. Study of CRDI System