Single crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous materials – single crystals: unit cell, crystal systems, Bravais lattices, directions and planes in a crystal, Miller indices – inter-planar distances - coordination number and packing factor for SC, BCC, FCC, HCP and diamond structures.

Intrinsic Semiconductors – Energy band diagram – direct and indirect bandgap semiconductors – Carrier concentration in intrinsic semiconductors – extrinsic semiconductors - Carrier concentration in N-type & P-type semiconductors- Photodetectors(PIN & Avalanche)- Solar cell-IV characteristics.

Basic concepts – magnetic moment, susceptibility, permeability. Origin of magnetic moment – Bohr magneton –Dia, Para and Ferro magnetism – Domain theory – Hysteresis – soft and hard magnetic materials – antiferromagnetic materials – Ferrites and its applications. Magnetic storage devices- magnetic hard disc, bubble memory.

Metallic glasses: preparation, properties and applications. Shape memory alloys (SMA): Characteristics, properties of NiTi alloy, applications – Nanomaterials: Properties –Top-down process: Ball milling method- Bottom –up process: Physical vapour deposition method (Thermal Evaporation)-Carbon Nanotubes- Preparation by pulsed laser deposition method, properties and applications.

Spontaneous and stimulated emission- Population inversion -Einstein’s A and B coefficients -derivation. Types of lasers – Nd:YAG, CO2, Semiconductor lasers -applications. Principle and propagation of light in optical fibres – Numerical aperture and Acceptance angle - Types of optical fibres (material, refractive index, mode) – Losses in optical fibre- attenuation, dispersion, bending - Fibre Optical Communication system.