Open and Closed loop Systems, Modelling and Block Diagrams, Block diagram and signal flow graph representation of systems, reduction of block diagram and signal flow graph, Introduction to Physiological control systems- Illustration, Linear models of physiological systems, Difference between engineering and physiological control system.

Step and impulse responses of first order and second order systems, time domain specifications of first and second order systems, steady state error constants, Definition of stability, Routh- Hurwitz criteria of stability, root locus technique, construction of root locus and study of stability.

Frequency domain specifications - Polar plots, Bode plots, Nyquist plot, Nyquist stability criterion, closed loop stability, Constant M and N circles, Nichol’s chart.

Distributed parameter versus lumped parameter models, Model development of Cardiovascular system Heart model-circulatory model, Pulmonary mechanics- Lung tissue visco-elasticity-chest wall- airways, Interaction of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular models, Static analysis of physiological systems – Regulation of cardiac output, Regulation of ventilation.

Simple models of muscle stretch reflex action, Study of steady state analysis of muscle stretch reflex action, Study of transient response analysis of neuromuscular reflex model action, Study of frequency response of circulatory control model, Stability analysis of Pupillary light reflex.