Geology in civil engineering – branches of geology – structure of earth and its composition – weathering of rocks – scale of weathering – soils - landforms and processes associated with river,– relevance to civil engineering – Earthquake and its causes – Earthquake zones in India – Volcano and its causes

Physical properties of minerals – Quartz group, Feldspar group, Iron ore minerals – Hematite and Magnetite – Clay Minerals – Mica – muscovite and biotite, Calcite

Classification of rocks, distinction between Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic rocks. Engineering properties of rocks. Description, occurrence, engineering properties, distribution and uses of Granite, Dolerite, Sandstone, Limestone, Shale, Quartzite

Geological maps – attitude of beds, study of structures – folds, faults and joints – relevance to civil engineering. Geophysical methods – Seismic and electrical methods for subsurface investigations

Remote sensing for civil engineering applications; Geological conditions necessary for design and construction of Dams, tunnels and highways- Coastal protection structures. Investigation of Landslides, causes and mitigation