Terms and definitions: Overloading - under voltage - over voltage, grounding. Purpose of grounding. Concepts of transients – short duration variations such as interruption - long duration variation such as sustained interruption. Sags and swells - voltage sag - voltage swell - voltage imbalance - voltage fluctuation - power frequency variations. International standards of power quality. Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers Associations (CBEMA) curve.

Sources of sags and interruptions - estimating voltage sag performance. Voltage sag due to induction motor starting. Estimation of the sag severity - mitigation of voltage sags, active series compensators. Static transfer switches and fast transfer switches

Sources of over voltages - Capacitor switching – lightning - ferro resonance. Mitigation of voltage swells - surge arresters - surge impedance and the effect of line terminations. Capacitor switching transients - low pass filters - power conditioners. Lightning protection – shielding – line arresters - protection of transformers and cables. An introduction to computer analysis tools for transients, PSCAD and EMTP.

Harmonic sources from commercial and industrial loads, locating harmonic sources.Power system response characteristics - Harmonics Vs transients. Effect of harmonics - harmonic distortion – voltage and current distortion - harmonic indices - inter harmonics – resonance. Harmonic distortion evaluation - devices for controlling harmonic distortion - passive and active filters. IEEE and IEC standards.

Monitoring considerations - monitoring and diagnostic techniques for various power quality problems - modeling of power quality (harmonics and voltage sag) problems by mathematical simulation tools - power line disturbance analyzer – quality measurement equipment - harmonic / spectrum analyzer - flicker meters - disturbance analyzer. Applications of expert systems for power quality monitoring - Selection of transducers.