Conservation of mass and energy – overall view of an engineering process-dimensions and units – dimensional and unit consistency – dimensionless Precision. Fluid flow theory: Mass Mechanical energy, other effects, Bernoulli’s equation. Energy loss in flow.

Conservation of mass and energy, Overall view of an engineering process, Mass balance Energy balance, Potential, energy, Pressure energy, Frictionless, Mechanical energy, other effects, Bernoulli’s equation, Basis and units, total mass and composition concentrations, Types continuous processes, blending, Layout

Size reduction, grinding and cutting, principles of comminuting, characteristics of comminuted products, particle size distribution in comminuted products, energy and power requirements in comminuting, crushing efficiency, Rittinger’s, Bond’s and Kick’s laws for crushing, size reduction equipments, crushers, grinders, construction and operation.

Mixing of fluids, blending, types of blenders, flow patterns in fluid mixing, energy input in fluid mixing - kneading, in flow mixing, emulsification and homogenization, mixing of particulate solids, mixing and segregation, quality of mixing, mixedness, equipment, homogenization, principles, equipment

Filtration - filter media, types and requirements, constant rate filtration, constant pressure filtration, filter cake resistance, filtration equipment, filter aids. Extraction - introduction, mechanisms, applications and equipment. Sedimentation - gravitational sedimentation of particles in a fluid, Stoke’s law, sedimentation of particles in gas, cyclones, settling under sedimentation and gravitational sedimentation. Centrifugal separations - rate of separations, liquid, liquid separation, centrifuge equipment, liquid-liquid centrifugation, liquid-solid centrifugation.