1. History of massage 2. Definition of massage 3. Mechanical points to be considered (Manipulation, time of day for treatment, comfort and support of patient-positioning, Draping, bolstering, position of operator, using body weight, contact and continuity) 1. Technique –Indications and contraindication 2. Classification of massage 1. Based on character of Technique- A. Stroking manipulation B. Pressure manipulation C. Vibratory manipulation D. Tapotement or Percussion manipulation 2. Based on depth of tissue reached- A. Light massage B. Deep massage 3. Based on parts of body massaged- A. General massage B. Local massage 4. Based on means of application of pressure- A. Manual massage B. Mechanical massage Physiological effects of massage on various body systems (Effect on-circulatory system, excretory system, muscular system, nervous system Metabolic system, respiratory system, skin) MASSAGE TECHNIQUE Stroking manipulation- Superficial stroking, deep stroking or Effleurage Pressure manipulation- A. Kneading-palmer &digital kneading, ironing B. Petrissage-picking up, wringing, skin rolling C. Friction-circular&transverse friction Percussion manipulation- Clapping, hacking, beating, pounding, tenting Contact heel percussion Vibratory manipulation-vibratory& shaking TECHNIQUES USED FOR VARIOUS PARTS OF BODY Massage for upper limb-scapular region, shoulder joint, upper arm, elbow joint, Forearm, wrist joint, hand Massage for lower limb-thigh, knee joint, leg, foot(ankle&toes) Massage for back-neck and upper back, middle and lower back, gluteal region Massage for face Massage for abdomen SPORTS MASSAGE Introduction, role of massage in sports Massage manipulations-stroking, effleurage, petrissage, acupressure, tapotement,Vibration, shaking Ice massage Categories of sports massage-pre event massage, intermediate massage, post Event massage THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION OF MASSAGE 1. Relaxation 2. Oedema 3. Radical mastectomy 4. Venous ulcer 5. Painful neuroma 6. Bells palsy 7. Sprain and Strain 8. Fibrositis CHAPTER B – STRETCHING 1. Definition 2. Indication & Contraindication 3. Purpose of stretching 4. Physiological changes in muscle to stretch 5. Neurological changes in muscle to stretch 6. Types of stretching Passive Active or self stretching PNF Ballistic stretching Dynamic Isometric 1. Lower extremity muscle stretching Illiacus & psoas major, adductor, hamstring, Tensor fascia latae, quadriceps, Tendo Achilles (gastronemius & sole us), Piriformis, Tibialis anterior, Peroneus longus, Peroneus brevis, EHL, EDL, EDB 2 Trunk & Upper extremity stretching Low back extensors, Levator scapulae & upper fibers of trapezius, Middle fibers of trapezius & Rhomboids major and minor, Pectoralis major, Supraspinatus, Subscapularis, Infraspinatus & teres minor, Lattismus dorsi Elbow flexors-biceps, Elbow extensors-triceps, Wrist extensors, Wrist Flexors, Common extensors-ECRL, ECRB, ECV, ED, Wrist & finger flexors- FCR, FCU, FDS, FDP, Intrinsic muscles of hand

1. Definition 2. Normal range of motion of joints 3. Types of goniometer Universal goniometer Gravity dependent goniometer or fluid goniometer Pendulum goniometer Electrogoniometer Procedure or steps in joint range measurement Demonstrate measuring of individual joint range using goniometer Shoulder joint, elbow joint, radioulnar joint, wrist joint, MCP joint, PIP joint, Hip joint, Knee joint, ankle joint, subtalar joint End feel-Normal & Pathological Precaution & Contraindication CHAPTER D - SUSPENSION THERAPY 1. Definition 2. Principle Friction Pendulum Eliminating gravity movement Advantages & Disadvantages 3. Suspension Instruments Suspension frame Supporting ropes Pulleys Slings S-hook and dog clip Wooden cleat 4. Procedure 5. Types of suspension Axial suspension Vertical suspension Pendular suspension 6. Demonstrate suspension therapy for upper extremity & lower extremity 7. Upper extremity- shoulder Flexion, Extension, Medial Rotation, Lateral Rotation, Abduction, Adduction, elbow Flexion, Extension 8. Lower extremity- Hip Flex, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Medial Rotation, Lateral Rotation, knee Flexion, Extension CHAPTER E - BALANCE EXERCISES 1. Balance Definition Cause of balance disorder Condition Evaluation Balance exercise 2. Balance evaluation Romberg test Hall pike test Functional reach test 3. Balance exercise Exercise for weakness Exercise for movement strategies Static balance exercise Dynamic balance exercise Balance exercise for vestibular dysfunction

1. Co-ordination Definition Causes of co-ordination disorder Condition Tests for co-ordination Co-ordination exercise 2. Co-ordination test Standing Walking Sitting or Supine Finger to nose Finger to therapist finger Finger to finger Alternate nose to finger Finger opposition Pronation /Supination Alternate heel to knee Drawing an imaginary circle on air with UE & LE Position holding Rebound test 3. Co-ordination exercise Frenkel exercise in Supine, Sitting, Walking Functional activity retraining Brushing Combing hair Pick up small object from table or floor Practice writing Draw numbers or alphabets CHAPTER G - CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY 1. Definition 2. Physiological basis 3. Classification Vibration or Shaking Percussion or Clapping CHAPTER H - BREATHING EXERCISES 1. Definition 2. Indication & Contraindication 3. Physiological effect 4. Types of Breathing Exercises Diaphragmatic breathing exercise Apical breathing, Costal breathing, Posterior basal Glossopharyngeal Pursed lip breathing Inspiratory hold

CHAPTER J - GROUP EXERCISE 1. Introduction 2. Advantages & Disadvantages 3. Indication 4. Formation of group Space Selection of patients Number of patients Instruction to patients Group type 5. Type of exercise

1. Definition 2. Mechanism of action of traction 3. Indication & Contraindication of traction 4. Types of traction A. Based on methods of application-1. Manual 2. Mechanical 3. Positional 4. Inversion 5. Hydraulic B. Based on nature of pull - 1. Continuous traction 2. Sustained traction 3. Intermittent traction C. Based on regions applied - 1. Cervical traction 2. Lumbar traction/Pelvic traction 5. Traction parameters - (Weight, Time, Hold, Relax) CHAPTER L - PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION (PNF) 1. Introduction 2. Definition 3. Principles Pattern of motion Diagonals Motion components 4. Basic procedure Agonist & Antagonist Traction & Approximation Normal timing Stretch stimulus Stretch reflex Manual contact Command & Communication Line of movement 5. PNF patterns for Upper Extremity D1 Flexion, D1 Extension, D2 Flexion, D2 Extension 6. PNF pattern for Lower Extremity D1 Flexion, D1 Extension, D2 Flexion, D2 Extension 7. Demonstrate PNF Technique Repeated contractions Slow reversals Rhythmic stabilization Hold relax Rhythmic initiation