2 Objective examination 3 Observation Built, Tropical changes, Posture, attitude of the limb and deformity, Gait, External appliances 4 Palpation Temperature, Texture, Tenderness, edema & Swelling, joint crepitation, pulse5 Examination Musculoskeletal examination Tone-Spasticity & Rigidity Motor examination-ROM, Joint play & End feel, Muscle power, Reflexes, Limb length, Muscle girth Sensory examination-Superficial & deep sensation, Pain assessment-onset, location, pattern, quality, rating, aggravating & relieving factors, type of pain 6 Respiratory-chest expansion 7 Higher function-Level of consciousness, mental status, communication 8 Functional assessment 9 Special test

1. Define fracture. Review the types, signs and symptoms, principles of immobilization and healing of fracture. 2. Describe the PT assessment of a patient with a fracture during the immobilization And post immobilization period. 3. List the aims of PT management in a patient with a fracture. 4. Describe the methods of mobilization of a patient after healing of a fracture. 5. Review the mechanism of injury, clinical features, treatment and complications and describe the PT management and home programme for the following injuries: 6. Fracture clavicle, upper 1/3 rd of humerus 7. Fracture head of radius, olecranon process, shaft of radius and ulna, colles 8. Fracture scaphoid, bennets and potts fracture, dupuytrens contracture, calcaneum and metatarsal- march

1. Cervical and lumbar spondylosis 2. Spondylolisthesis 3. TB spine 4. Postural deformities of spine – kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis. 5. Ankylosing spondylitis 6. Intervertebral disc prolapse 7. Periarthritis shoulder 8. Amputation 9. Poliomyelitis 10. Osteoarthritis 11. Rheumatoid arthritis 12. Leprosy 13. Cerebral palsy 14. Burns

Strain Sprain – knee and ankle ligament injury Bursitis – subacromial and prepatellar Synovitis Tendonitis Tenosynovitis Fibrositis Rupture of tendons – Quadriceps and tendoachilles Tennis elbow Torticollis Suraspinatus and biceps tendonitis

Spinal fracture 10. Dislocation of a. hip(congenital), traumatic posterior and central b. Shoulder (anterior and recurrent) c. Patella 11. Joint replacement – Knee and Hip ( Total and partial )