B.JOINT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 1 Describe the basic principles of joint design and a human joint 2 Describe the tissue present in human joints: including dense fibrous tissue, bone, 3 Cartilage and connective tissue. 4 Classify joints – synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diaarthrosis, and sub classification of Synovial joints 5 Describe joint function, kinematics chains, range of motion 356 Describe the general effects of injury and disease 7 Closed kinematics chain versus open kinematics chain 8 Hyaline cartilage and fibro cartilage.

Describe mobility and stability functions of muscle. 2 Describe elements of muscle structure- composition of muscle fiber, motor unit, types of muscle fiber, muscle fiber size, arrangement and number, muscle tension, length – Tension relationship. 3 Active and passive insufficiency 4 Describe types of muscle contraction, speed, angular velocity, and applied load, voluntary Control, torque, isokinetic exercise 5 Factors affecting muscle tension 6 Active and passive tension 7 Concentric, eccentric, isometric contraction 8 Classify muscle – spurt and shunt muscle, tonic and phasic muscle 9 Agonist, antagonist and synergist 10 Factors affecting muscle function: type of joint and location of muscle attachments, Number of joints, sensory receptors

1 Articulations, ligaments, muscles, typical vertebrae and intervertebral disc 2 Factors affecting stability and mobility 3 Structure and function of cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae 4 Describe muscles of the vertebral column – flexors, extensors, rotators, lateral flexors 5 Describe the effect of injury and developmental defects 6 Lumbar – pelvic rhythm, Motions of the vertebral column

1 Describe the structural components of the shoulder complex including the articulating surfaces, capsular attachment, ligaments, movements of the following joints, Sternoclavicular, Acromioclavicular, Scapulothoracic, Glenohumeral 2 Describe the function of the shoulder complex including dynamic stability of the Glenohumeral joint, scapulothoracic contributions 3 Describe the muscles of elevation (deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, Subscapularis, upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, middle trapezius and Rhomboids 4 Describe the muscles of depression (Lattismus dorsi, pectoralis, teres major, and rhomboids) 5 Scapulohumeral rhythm, Coracoacromial arch

1 Describe the structure of the humeroulnar, humeroradial including articulating surfaces, Joint capsule, ligaments, muscles 2 Describe the function of humeroulnar and humeroradial joints including the axis of 36motion, range of motion, muscle action 3 Describe the structure and function of superior and inferior radioulnar joint 4 Describe the stability and mobility of the elbow complex 5 Carrying angle 6 Factors limiting range of motion in flexion and extension, supination and pronatio