anatomy and physiology

Draw and label the upper and lower respiratory tract with subdivisions. Describe the bronchopulmonary segments with clinical importance. Explain the structure and function of the respiratory unit. Write notes on hilum of lung and its significance. Describe the muscles of respiration in quiet and forced breathing. Explain the pleura, intrapleural space, intrapleural pressure, and surfactant. Discuss the mechanics of respiration – chest wall movements, compliance. Write short notes on V/Q relationship and airway resistance. Explain the role of the respiratory center and its neural & chemical regulation. Differentiate between lung volumes and lung capacities with diagrams. Explain the principle of spirometry and lung function tests. Write notes on pulmonary circulation. Describe lung sounds and cough reflex. Draw and explain the chambers, valves, and conduction system of the heart. Write short notes on cardiac cycle, ECG, and heart sounds. Define and explain blood pressure, pulse, and cardiac output. Unit 2 – Cardiovascular System (Assignment) Write the definition, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, complications, conservative and surgical management of: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) Myocardial infarction (MI) Heart failure Cardiac arrest

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cardiac system

Write notes on surgical conditions requiring physiotherapy: Open Heart Surgery (OHS) Closed Heart Surgery (CHS) Thoracotomy, Median sternotomy Heart-lung machine Angioplasty, CABG, PTCA Valve replacement, Valvotomy Write short notes on conditions requiring CHS – Mitral stenosis, Aortic stenosis, PDA, COA. Write short notes on conditions requiring OHS – ASD, VSD, PS, TOF, TPGV, MS, MR, AS, AR.

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respiratory system

Write the definition, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, complications, conservative and surgical management of: Chronic bronchitis and emphysema (COPD) Bronchial asthma Bronchiectasis Lung abscess Pulmonary tuberculosis Pneumonia Interstitial lung disease Occupational lung diseases Pulmonary hypertension and thromboembolism

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chest wall injuries

Write short notes on: Rib fracture Flail chest Pneumothorax Haemothorax Haemopneumothorax Lung contusion Injury to great vessels and bronchus Discuss the physiotherapy management of chest wall injuries.

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physiotherapy

Write detailed notes on physiotherapy management following: Thoracotomy Lobectomy Pneumonectomy Decortication Describe suctioning during chest physiotherapy – indications, types, steps, complications. Write notes on post-operative care and rehabilitation following thoracic surgeries.