Digestion, absorption and metabolism of carbohydrates and related disorders Regulation of blood glucose Diabetes Mellitus type 1 and type 2, symptoms, complications & management in brief Investigations of Diabetes Mellitus o OGTT Indications, Procedure, Interpretation and types of GTT curve o Mini GTT, extended GTT, GCT, IV GTT o HbA1c (Only definition) Hypoglycemia Definition & causes

Fatty acids Definition, classification Definition & Clinical significance of MUFA & PUFA, Essential fatty acids, Trans fatty acids Digestion, absorption & metabolism of lipids & related disorders Compounds formed from cholesterol Ketone bodies (name, types & significance only) Lipoproteins types & functions (metabolism not required) Lipid profile Atherosclerosis

Classification of amino acids based on nutrition, metabolic rate with examples Digestion, absorption & metabolism of protein & related disorders Biologically important compounds synthesized from various amino acids (only names) In born errors of amino acid metabolism only aromatic amino acids (in brief) Plasma protein types, function & normal values Causes of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyper-gamma globinemia Principle of electrophoresis, normal & abnormal electrophoretic patterns

Clinical Enzymology Isoenzymes Definition & properties Enzymes of diagnostic importance in o Liver Diseases ALT, AST, ALP, GGT o Myocardial infarction CK, cardiac troponins, AST, LDH o Muscle diseases CK, Aldolase o Bone diseases ALP o Prostate cancer PSA, ACP pH definition, normal value Regulation of blood pH blood buffer, respiratory & renal ABG normal values Acid base disorders types, definition & causes

Heme degradation pathway Jaundice type, causes, urine & blood investigations (van den berg test) Renal Liver Thyroid Structure & functions of immunoglobulin Investigations & interpretation ELISA