Pathology Introduction Importance of the study of pathologyDefinition of terms Methods and techniquesCellular and Tissue changesInfiltration and regenerationInflammations and InfectionsWound healing Vascular changesCellular growth NeoplasmsNormal and Cancer cell Benign and Malignant growths In situ carcinoma Disturbances of fluid and electrolyte imbalance Genetics Introduction Practical application of genetics in Nursing Impact of genetic condition on families Review of cellular division mitosis and meiosis Characteristics and structure of genes Chromosomes sex determination Chromosomal aberrations Patterns of inheritance Mendalian theory of inheritance Multiple allots and blood groups Sex linked inheritance Mechanism of inheritance Errors in transmission Mutation

Special pathology Pathological changes in disease conditions of various systems Respiratory tract Tuberculosis, Bronchitis, Pleural effusion and pneumonia Lung abscess emphysema bronchiectasis Bronchial asthma Chronic obstructive Pulmonary disease & tumours Cardiovascular system Pericardial effusion Rheumatic heart disease Infective endocarditis atherosclerosis Ischemia infarction & aneurysm Gastro Intestinal Tract Peptic ulcer, typhoid Carcinoma of GI tract - buccal, Esophageal Gastric & intestinal Liver Gall bladder & pancreas Hepatitis, Chronic liver abscess cirrhosis Tumours of liver gall bladder and pancreas Cholecystitis Kidneys & Urinary tract Glomerulonephritis pyelonephritis Calculi, renal failure renal carcinoma & cystitis Male genital systems Cryptorchidism testicular atrophy Prostatic hyperplasia, Carcinoma Penis & prostate Female genital system. Fibroids Carcinoma cervix and Endometri Vesicular mole, choriocarcinoma Ectopic gestation Ovarian cyst & tumours Cancer Bre Central Nervous system Hydrocephalus Meningitis encephalitis Vascular disorders thrombosis embolism Stroke paraplegia quadriplegia Tumour meningiomas Gliomas Metastatictumour skeletal system Bone healing osteoporosis osteomyel it is Arthritis & tumours Genetics Maternal prenatal and genetic influences on development of defects and diseases Conditions affecting the mother genetic and infections Consanguinity atopy Prenatal nutrition and food allergies Maternal Age Maternal drug therapy Prenatal testing and diagnosis Effect of Radiation drugs and chemicals Infertility Spontaneous abortion Neural Tube Defects and the role of folic acid in lowering the risks Down syndrome Trisomy 21

Pathology Clinical pathology Various blood and bone marrow tests in assessment and monitoring of disease conditions Hemoglobin RBCWhite cell & platelet counts Bleeding time clotting time and prothrombine Time Blood grouping and cross matching Blood chemistry Blood culture Serological and immunological tests Other blood test Examination of Bone marrow Methods of collection of blood specimen for various clinical pathology biochemistry microbiology tests inference and normal values Genetics Genetic testing in the neonates and children Screening for Congenital abnormalities Developmental delay Dysmorphism

Pathology Examination of body cavity fluids, transudates and exudates The laboratories tests used in CSF analysis Examination of other body cavity fluids transudates and exudates sputum wound discharge etc Analysis of gastric and duodenal contents Analysis of semen sperm count motility and morphology and their importance in infertility Methods of collection of CSF and other cavity fluids specimen for various clinical pathology biochemistry microbiology tests inference and normal values Genetics Genetic conditions of adolescents and adults Cancer genetics Familial Cancer Inborn errors of metabolism Blood group alleles and haematological disorder Genetic haemochromoatosis Huntington’s disease Mental illness

Pathology Urine and faeces Urine Physical characteristics Analysis Culture and sensitivity Faeces Characteristics Stool examination occult blood ova parasite and cyst reducing substance etc Methods of collection for various tests inference and normal values Genetics Services related to Genetics Genetic testing Human genome project Gene therapy The Eugenics movement Genetic Counselling Legal and Ethical issues Role of nurse