Introduction : What Operating Systems Do?, Computer System Architecture, Operating System Structure, Operating System Services-User Operating system interface, system Calls, Types of System calls, System programs, Operating System Structure, System boot. Process Concept : Process Concept, Process Scheduling, Operations on Processes, Inter-process Communication

Threads : Overview, Multi-core Programming, Multithreading Models, Implicit Threading, Threading Issues. CPU Scheduling : Basic concepts, Scheduling Criteria, Scheduling Algorithms. Thread Scheduling, Multiple-Processor Scheduling, Real-Time CPU Scheduling.

Synchronization : Background, Critical Section Problem, Mutex locks, Semaphores, Classic Problems of Synchronization. Deadlocks : System Model, Deadlock characterization, Methods for handling deadlocks, Deadlock prevention, Deadlock avoidance, Deadlock Detection and Recovery from deadlock.

Memory management strategies : Background, Swapping, Contiguous Memory Allocation, Segmentation, Paging, Structure of Page Table Virtual Memory Management : Background, Demand paging, Copy on write, Page replacement algorithms, Allocation of frames, Thrashing.

Implementing File-system : File-System Structure, File-System Implementation, Directory Implementation, Allocation methods, Free-space management. Case Study- Real Time operating system and Mobile operating system.