Complex systems and micro processors– Embedded system design process –Design example: Model train controller- Instruction sets preliminaries - ARM Processor – CPU: programming input and output- supervisor mode, exceptions and traps – Co-processors- Memory system mechanisms – CPU performance- CPU power consumption.

ARM Architecture Versions – ARM Architecture – Instruction Set – Stacks and Subroutines – Features of the LPC 214X Family – Peripherals – The Timer Unit – Pulse Width Modulation Unit – UART – Block Diagram of ARM9 and ARM Cortex M3 MCU.

Components for embedded programs- Models of programs- Assembly, linking and loading – compilation techniques- Program level performance analysis – Software performance optimization – Program level energy and power analysis and optimization – Analysis and optimization of program size- Program validation and testing.

Embedded Networking: Introduction, I/O Device Ports - Serial Bus communication protocols- RS232 standard- RS485 - CAN Bus- Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) - Inter-Integrated Circuits (I2C) - PC Parallel port communication Protocols –Bluetooth network using ISA, PCI-. Interrupt service mechanism, Zigbee protocol.

Operating System Basics, Types of Operating Systems, Tasks, Process and Threads, Multiprocessing and Multitasking, Task Scheduling, Shared Memory, Message Passing, Task Synchronization: Task Communication Synchronization Issues, Task Synchronization Techniques, Device Drivers