Ecosystem-Definition, scope and importance Concept of an ecosystem – structure and function of an ecosystem Producers, consumers and decomposers Food chains, Food webs and Ecological pyramids Forest ecosystem Aquatic ecosystems (Ponds & Oceans).

Introduction to biodiversity definition Genetic, species and ecosystem diversity Values of biodiversity Threats to biodiversity Endangered and endemic species of India Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

Definition–causes, effects and control measures Air pollution Water pollution Soil pollution Noise pollution Nuclear hazards

Introduction –Types-Water resources Use and over- utilization of surface and ground water, Floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems. Energy resources: Growing energy needs, Renewable and non renewable energy sources and use of alternate energy sources. case studies. Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources

Sustainable development -From unsustainable to sustainable development Urban problems related to energy Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion Solid waste management - Rain water harvesting E -waste Management Case studies. Role of information technology in environment and human health