1. X-ray film construction and film characteristics – Composition of single and double coated radiographic films -structure of emulsion- film characteristics; speed, base fog, gamma, latitude -effect of grain size on film response to exposure, interpretation of characteristics curve- exposure to x-rays. 2. Types of Radiographic Films- applications -advantages/limitations of different types Structure, properties of different parts- Film storage - handling -film wrappings- andling of exposed and unexposed films -safe light equirements.

3.Radiographic Image: Meaning of radiographic image contrast, density, resolution,sharpness, magnification and distortion of image, noise and blur. Primary radiological image formation- Image quality unsharpness- resolution – fog and noise - use of contrast media- density- contrast – brightness- optical density measurements- Image recording devices.

4. Image processing– Film developing principles- acidity, alkalinity, pH, the processing cycle- process of filmdevelopingdevelopment -developer solution- constituents of developer. Fixing- fixer solution- composition of fixer –washing – drying replenishment checking and adjusting replenishment rates - other processing solution – effect of temperature andevelopment time - film processingmethods - common errors and faults while processing manual and automatic processing-latent image formation– silver recovery and economics.

5. Film archieving systems- Image recording devices-Laser imager/camera functioning. Multiformatter- Optical Disc. System Film archieving systems - MOD/disc/PACS etc. 6. Automatic processing - Automatic film handling systems -Automated Processors equipment for Film Processing-functions of various components- film roller transport - transport time -film feed system-Importance and relation to temp, fixed and variable time cycles-Care and maintenance -cleaning routine and methods of cleaning.

7. Radiographic illuminators: and viewing conditions, visual acuity and resolution. 8. Dark Room- Site – layout - dark room design- construction- processing area– illumination- safe light compatibility - entrance safe lighting – types- storage- shelving of films-cleaning and maintenance.