(i) Cell Structure and functions of the varies organelles. (ii) Endocytosis and exocytosis (iii) Acid base balance and disturbances of acid base balances (Alkalosis, Acidosis) BLOOD (i) Composition of Blood, functions of the blood and plasma proteins, classification and protein. (ii) Pathological and Physiological variation of the RBC. (iii) Function of Hemoglobin (iv) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate. (v) Detailed description about WBC-Total count (TC), Differential count (DC) and functions. (vi) Platelets – formation and normal level and functions (vii) Blood groups and Rh factor (viii) Clotting cascade – Physiology of hemostasis

(i) Physiology of the heart (ii) Heart sounds (iii) Cardiac cycle, Cardiac output. (iv) Auscultatory areas. (v) Arterial pressures, blood pressure (vi) Hypertension (vii) Electro cardiogram (ECG)

(i) Respiratory movements. (ii) Definitions and Normal values of Lung volumes and Lung capacities.

(i) Normal Urinary output (ii) Micturation (iii) Renal function tests, renal disorders.

Thermoregulation Glaxocoma scale – Basic client reflexes Basics of endocrine function and its tests