GENERAL PATHOLOGY 1 INTRODUCTION, CONCEPT OF DISEASE, CELL INJURY CAUSES, CELLULAR RESPONSES TO STRESS & NOTORIOUS STIMULI, CELLULAR ADAPTATION OF GROWTH & DIFFERENTIATION – ATROPHY, HYPERTROPHY, HYPERPLASIAAND METAPLASIA. 2. CELL INJURY – REVERSIBLE INJURY – TYPES, MORPHOLOGY, INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATIONS, FATTY CHANGE, CELLULAR AGEING 3. CELL INJURY – IRREVERSIBLE INJURY – TYPES, MORPHOLOGY, NECROSIS, APOPTOSIS, DYSTROPHIC AND METASTATIC CALCIFICATION 4. GENERAL FEATURES OF INFLAMMATION, HISTORY, STIMULI FOR ACUTE INFLAMMATION, VASCULAR & CELLULAR EVE

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION- CAUSES, FEATURES AND EXAMPLES 6. WOUND HEALING, REGENERATION, REPAIR & FRACTURE HEALING 7. EDEMA – TYPES WITH EXAMPLES, HYPEREMIA, CHRONIC VENOUS CONGESTION & HEMORRHAGE 8. THROMBOSIS – ETIOPATHOGENESIS, MORPHOLOGY AND FATE OF THROMBUS 9. EMBOLISM – ETIOPATHOGENESIS AND MORPHOLOGY 10. GANGRENE AND SHOCK 11. VITAMIN DEFICIENCES AND ASSOCIATED CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS.

SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY I.THE BLOOD VESSELS AND LYMPHATICS • HYPERTENSION– ETIOPATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL FEATURES, MORPHOLOGY AND COMPLICATIONS • ATHEROSCLEROSIS – ETIOPATHOGENEIS, MORPHOLOGY, COMPLCATIONS, GENETIC FACTORS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS VASCULITIS - INFECTIOUS ARTERITIS, NON-INFECTIOUS ARTERITIS – TYPES, CLINICAL FEATURES AND MORPHOLOGY. • ANEURYSMS- TYPES, ETIPATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL FEATURES AND MORPHOLOGY II. HEART

HEART • HEART FAILURE - ETIOLOGY, TYPES OF HEART FAILURE, COMPENSATORY MECHANISMS • CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE MALPOSITIONS OF THE HEART, SHUNTS (CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE), OBSTRUCTIONS (OBSTRUCTIVE CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE) • ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE, ETIOPATHOGENESIS, LABDIAGNOSIS, EFFECTS OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHAEMIA,GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES. • RHEUMATIC FEVER AND RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE – ETIOPATHOGENESIS AND MORPHOLOGY • ENDOCARDITIS, ATYPICAL VERRUCOUS (LIBMAN-SACKS) ENDOCARDITIS, NON-BACTERIAL THROMBOTIC (CACHECTIC, MARANTIC) ENDOCARDITIS, INFECTIVE (BACTERIAL) ENDOCARDITIS – TYPES, ETIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY

VALVULAR DISEASES AND DEFORMITIES – ETIOPATHOGENESIS, TYPES, CLINICAL FEATURES AND MORPHOLOGY • CARDIOMYOPATHY - CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY AND DILATATION – ETIOPATHOGENESIS, TYPES AND MORPHOLOGY. • MYOCARDIAL DISEASES - MYOCARDITIS, CARDIOMYOPATHY - ETIOPATHOGENESIS, TYPES AND MORPHOLOGY • PERICARDIAL DISEASES, PERICARDIAL FLUID ACCUMULATIONS, PERICARDITIS – TYPES AND MORPHOLOGY • TUMOURS OF THE HEART – TYPES, GROSS AND MICROSCOPIC FEATURES. • STRESS MYOCARDITIS,COVID MYOCARDITIS,VIRAL MYOCARDITIS AND VIRAL INDUCED CLOTTING.