Physiology of extra corporeal circulations • Normal vascular system • Differences in vascular system • Flow • Pressure • Resistance • Circuit design • Circuit calculations Heart Lung Machine Basics • Introduction to Circuit • Components of Heart Lung Machine • Uses of Accessories in HLM Principles of extracorporeal circulation • Definitions • Circuit and its components • ECC Circuit • Safety devices connection History of evolution of pump • Gibbon’s Contributions • De Bakey and McLean • Invention of Oxygenators • Cardiac Catheterization • Forest Dodrill and his contribution • Cross Circulation • Azygous Flow Principle Principles of extracorporeal gas exchange • Physiology of gas exchange • P50 • Q10 Effect • pH • Acid base balance • Diffusion • Normal values – O2 content, O2 saturation, partial pressures

Roller Pump • Ideal Characteristics • History of Roller Pump • Structure of Roller Pump • Types of Roller Pump • Advantages & Disadvantages • Complications of Roller Pump • Occlusion and its setup Centrifugal Pump • Characteristics of Pump • Principles of Centrifugal Pump • Vortex formation • Parts of Centrifugal pump • Advantages & Disadvantages • Clinically available centrifugal pump Bellow Pump • Characteristics of Pump • Working Principle • Advantages and Disadvantages Compression Pump • Characteristics of Pump • Working Principle • Advantages and Disadvantages Diaphragm pump • Characteristics of Pump • Working Principle • Advantages and Disadvantages Ventricle pump • Characteristics of Pump • Working Principle • Advantages and Disadvantages Theory of blood pump – pulsatile flow • Definition • Significance of pulsatile flow • Pulsatile flow advantages • Pulsatile flow disadvantages • Pumps produce pulsatile flow Theory of blood pump – continuous flow • Definition • Continuous flow significance • Advantages and Disadvantages • Pumps producing continuous flow Occlusive and Non-occlusive pump • Definition • Characteristics • Metaplus pump • Working principle • Advantages and Disadvantages Bubble Oxygenator • Definition • Parts of bubble oxygenator • Working principle • Advantages • Disadvantages Membrane Oxygenator • Definition • Parts of Membrane oxygenator • Working principle • Types of membrane oxygenator • Advantages • Disadvantages

Elements of extracorporeal circulation and its hazards • Hemolysis by roller pump • Air embolism in circuit • Hemolysis by HCU • Line Pressure • Cardioplegia effects • Power failure Blood filters • Leukocyte depletion filter • Gas filter • Pre-bypass filter • Arterial filter • Pore size of each filter • Hemoconcentration Bubble trap • Bubble trap circuit • Connection • Advantages • Disadvantage Flow meter • Definition • Connection of flow meter • Types of flow meter • Each one advantages and disadvantages Temperature probes • Definition • Usage of temp. probe in circuit • Incorporation in ECC Heat exchangers • Definition • Working principle • Types of Heat exchanger • Heat transfer constrains • Heater cooler unit • Advantages of heat exchanger • Disadvantages of heat exchanger • Gradient of heat exchanger • Rewarming and its effects • Cooling and its effects Regulating devices • Definition • Circuit connection • Advantages and disadvantages

Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) • Definition • IABP Circuit • Components of IABP • Procedure for connection • Balloon selection • Inflation and deflation • Timing and trigger • Placement of balloon • Monitoring during procedure • Indications and contraindications • Weaning of CPB Safety devices Connections of vascular system and extracorporeal circulation • Venous drainage - Principle - Method of connection - Peripheral cannulation - Advantages and Disadvantages • Suction pump • Hemodynamics of Arterial re-entry • Arterial infusion - Principle - Method of connection - Peripheral cannulation - Advantages and Disadvantages • Cardiotomy blood return - Cannula connection - Circuit assembly - Cardiotomy reservoir Congenital Heart Diseases Left – to – right shunt Right – to left shunt Cardiac Dysrhythmia’s and Heart Block First degree Heart Block Second degree Heart Block Third degree Heart Block Drugs used in treatment of Blood & Cardiovascular Disorders

Approach to Paediatric Patients Priming Myocardial Protection. Conduct of CPB Blood Conservation Technique Monitoring during bypass Effects of CPB