Mammography system:History - Imaging requirements- Mammography system - construction/typesaccessories - tube, compression, grids, AEC etc.- nature of X-Ray beam suitable– accessories for immobilization - film processing - image quality - imagerecording devices - interventional procedures – accessories-biopsy equipmentattachments - radiation dose- - mammo tomogram-Sonomammography-future developments. Ultrasonography/ Doppler systems:Basic acoustics principle- Basic physics of sound propagation in different media,production of Ultrasound (piezoelectric effect), ultrasound terminologies - interaction of ultrasound with matter – ultrasound properties propagation in tissue, absorption, scattering, reflection and refraction- acoustic impedence – piezo electric effect – transducer – Pulsar – receiver – beam/sensitivity and gain - generators- A, B and M scanning & echo modes- transducers-techniques of sonography-equipment selection- display methods – ultrasound image formation - data storage and display – image and artifacts – doppler instrumentation – doppler equation – transducer – quality assurance and performance tests – bio effects and safety considerations. Types of machines –portable systems- acoustic coupling agents-ingredients/preparation.

CT scan systems: History- generations of scanners-CT technology -helical/spiral & multi slice C.T- ultra fast scanners-system components - performance parameters - image quality and methods of image reconstruction- radiation dose measurements and technical aspects of Q.A -calibration and image acquisition

MRI Scanners: History - basic physical principle - Physical principles -NMR signals– instrumentation- hard ware-MR system components- magnet system- Magnetic shielding- RF shielding- bioeffects of MRI- site selection and safety -reconstruction system - different coils used -NMR signals advantage -imaging methods – pulse imaging sequences - spectroscopy parameters -calibration and image acquisition - reconstructions- 3D images- - image contrast– factors affecting image quality - artifacts - difference between CT and MRI images- host computer -viewing archiving- hard copy - image formation and storage device. Angiography and Cine Studies / DSA : Angiography equipments history –Conventional angiography X-Ray equipment - Equipment construction-principle - DSA system basics - digital techniques-subtraction process-procedures for subtraction - care, choice and installation of the equipment – equipment, pitfalls and complications -pressure injectors-contrast media -accessories-catheters, guide wires-uses of serial imaging devices- cine camera - video-recorder - film processing-radiation protection.

Nuclear Medicine Equipments : Nuclear Physics - basics in Nuclear Medicine- Nuclear medicine equipments - Gamma Cameras- rectilinear scanners- radioisotope generators-SPECT-CT & PET- CT- introduction-basic physics and principle involved- equipments basic structure—differences- fusion techniques- image formation-storage devices– advantages-limitations.

Recent Advances in Imaging Systems : Mobile units of Computer Radiography & Digital Radiography system.3D/4D Sonography systems128 slice & higher slice C.T equipments.3 Tesla & higher T MRI scanners Image processing & Display systems-Recent advances, concepts and applications in processing of images in digital form using computer based systems. Bone Densitometry. Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) - newer advancements – updates - systems designs-transfer restrictions.