Overview of the cardiovascular system Functions of the cardiovascular system Circulation of blood Central control of the cardiovascular system. Cardiac cycle Mechanical events Arterial cycle and central venous pressure cycle Clinical aspects of human cardiac cycle

Cardiac excitation and contraction Mechanism of contraction Sinoatrial node function The cardiac conduction system Atrioventricular node function Autonomic regulation of the heart rate Assessment of cardiac output Fick principle Thermodilution and indicator dilution methods Pulse Doppler methods Miscellaneous methods

Hemodynamics Relationship between pressure, flow and resistance Frank-Starling law Preload, afterload and contractility Control of stroke volume and cardiac output Control of blood vessels Local control mechanisms Nervous control Hormonal control Specialization in individual circulation Coronary circulation Cerebral circulation Pulmonary circulation Cutaneouos circulation.

Solute transport between blood and tissues Circulation of fluid between plasma, interstitium lymph Vascular smooth muscle Mechanism of contraction Pharmacomechanical coupling, automaticity

Cardiovascular receptors, reflexes and central control Coordicated cardiovascular responses Posture Valsalva manoeuvre Exercise Divingreflex Cardiovascular responses in pathological situations Shock and haemorrhage Syncope Essential hypertension Chronic cardiac failure. Respiratory physiology Mechanics of respiration Principles of gas exchange regulation of respire Hematology and coagulation physiology blood components Blood groups and blood transfusion Hemostasis.