The abnormal electrocardiogram Left atrial abnormality Right atrial abnormality Left ventricular hypertrophy and enlargement Right ventricular hypertrophy and enlargement

Intraventricular conduction delays Left anterior fascicular block Left posterior fascicular block Left bundle branch block Right bundle branch block Mobitz type 1 and 2 block Complete heart block Direct Current (DC) shock Defibrillator Monophasic and biphasic shock Technique of cardioversion Indications for cardioversion

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Repolarization (ST-Twave) abnormalities QRS changes Evolution of electrocardiographic changes Localization of ischemia or infarction Non-infarction Q waves Primary and secondary T wave change

Electrolyte and metabolic ECG abnormalities Cardiac arrhythmias Ventricular premature beats Supra-ventricular tachycardias Atrial flutter/fibrillation Ventricular Tachycardia/Ventricular fibrillation Atrio Ventricular block Prolonged PR interval

Exercise physiology Exercise protocols Lead systems Patient preparation ST segment displacement – types and measurement Non-electrocardiographic observations Exercise test indications, contra-indications and precautions Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances during stress testing Emergencies in the stress testing laboratory Principles of Holter Recording Connections of the Holter recorder Holter Analysis Guidelines for ambulatory electrocardiography