Learning: meaning and definitions - Basic principles of learning and their - Rote learning vs. meaningful learning - Techniques of active learning and their implications – Self- learning- Teaching: meaning and definitions- Characteristics of good teaching.

Meaning and definitions of diverse classroom-Teaching in a diverse classroom- Preparations of teachers of diverse classroom-Diversity in the classroom. Purpose of learning in and out of school- Importance of observation learning -advantages of learning outside the classroom-modern strategies of learning.

Constructivism: Meaning and definitions - The nature of constructivist learners, and the nature of learning process. Pedagogical approaches to constructivism-Characteristics of learner -centered teaching and learning-Advantages of learner-centered teaching vs teacher –centered learning.

Model of teaching: Meaning, definitions, and function-Models: Philosophical teaching models: Insight model (Plato) Impression model (Jhon Locke) and Rule model (kanl)- Psychological models: Basic teaching model (Robert Glasser), Interaction model (Flander) and Computer based model (Daniel Davis) – Modern teaching models;: Information processing models -, Personal models, social interaction models and Behavior modification models.

Teaching: Concept, nature and characteristies: Concent knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, Technnlogical knowledge, professiona attitude, reflective practice- Continuing professional development of teachers: Concept, process and strategies-Teacher’s professional ethics accountability: Meaning, importance and dimensions-Recommendations of NPE 1968, NPE 1986,92, RTE Act 2009 and NPE 2020.