Language: Meaning, concept and functions - Understanding of Home language and School Language - Understanding the language background of the learner - Developing oral and written language in the classroom - Language and Culture.

First Language and Second Language Acquisition - Using of First and Second Language in the classroom - Difference between language as a school subject and means of Communication. - Relationship between language mastery and subject mastery. - Mastery in first language and subject - mastery in second language and subject. - Understanding of multilingualism in classroom.

Position of English as a second language in India – Communication process in the classroom - The nature of classroom discourse; oral language in the classroom; discussion as a tool for learning; the nature of questioning in the classroom – types of questions and teacher control.

Language for specific purpose and subjects – Social Sciences, Science and Mathematics - Critical review of medium of instruction – Factors related to poor reading comprehension - Developing skills of reading comprehension - Theories of Language- Deficit theory and Discontinuity theory - Educational implications of language - Understanding the nature of classroom interaction.

Bilingualism - Multilingualism - Challenges of teaching language in multicultural classroom - Nature of reading comprehension in the content areas. - Developing writing skills for writing in specific content areas. - Strategies for developing oral language in the classroom that promotes learning in the subject areas. - Reading in the content areas – Social Sciences, Science and Mathematics; nature of expository texts Vs. narrative texts; transactional Vs. reflexive texts; Schema theory; text structures; examining content areas textbooks; reading strategies for note-making, summarizing; making reading-writing connections; process writing; analyzing children’s writing to understand their conceptions; writing with a sense of purpose – writing to learn and understand.