Unit I: Introduction: Data Communications and Networking for Today’s Enterprise - A Communications Model - Data Communications - Networks - The Internet. The Need for a Protocol Architecture - The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture - The OSI Model - Standardization within a Protocol Architecture - Traditional Internet-Based Applications – Multimedia.

Unit II: Data Transmission: Concepts and Terminology - Analog and Digital Data Transmission - Transmission Impairments - Channel Capacity. Transmission Media: Guided Transmission Media -- Wireless Transmission - Wireless Propagation - Line-of-Sight Transmission.

Unit III: Signal Encoding Techniques: Digital Data, Digital Signals - Digital Data, Analog Signals - Analog Data, Digital Signals - Analog Data, Analog Signals. Digital Data Communication Techniques: Asynchronous and Synchronous Transmission - Types of Errors - Error Detection - Error Correction - Line Configurations.

Unit IV: Asynchronous Transfer Mode: Protocol Architecture - ATM Logical Connections - ATM Cells - Transmission of ATM Cells - ATM Service Categories. Congestion Control in Data Networks: Effects of Congestion - Congestion Control - Traffic Management - Congestion Control in Packet-Switching Networks - Frame Relay Congestion Control - ATM Traffic Management - ATM-GFR Traffic Management.

Unit V: Internet Protocols: Basic Protocol Functions - Principles of Internetworking - Internet Protocol Operation - Internet Protocol - IPv6 - Virtual Private Networks and IP Security. Transport Protocols: Connection-Oriented Transport Protocol Mechanisms - TCP - TCP Congestion Control -UDP 693.