Isomerism in organic compounds - Optical Isomerism –Optical activity –conditions, +D and –L notations Conditions for optical activity, Racemisation – methods of racemisation Elements of symmetry Resolution-methods of resolution Optical activity in compounds not containing asymmetric carbon atoms Geometral isomerism – cis-trans, syn-anti, E-Z notations Asymmetric synthesis –partial and absolute synthesis Geometric isomerism in oximes and alicyclic compounds

Claisen , Schmidt rearrangement Benzene –Resonance and resonance energy Polar effects in electrophilic substitution in Benzene Hofmann rearrangement Friedel crafts alkyation and acylation, diazo coupling Mechanism of nitration, sulphonation, halogenation - Pinacol-pinacalone, Lossen rearrangement, Curtius-Benzilic acid rearrangement

Toluene and isopropyl benzene – side chain substitution reactions Huckel’s rule Non benzenoid compounds line cyclopentadienyl anion Grignard reagent and synthetic applications Polymerization of styrene Relative reactivity of methyl, ethyl, vinyl chloride Effect of solvent, substrate SN1 - mechanism SN2 - mechanism Elimination vs. substitution Effect of nucleophile Neighboring group participation

Region for various types of spectra Microwave – rotational spectra of diatomic molecules. Rotational constants, selection rules for rotational transition Calculation of internuclear distance in diatomic molecules. Condition for a molecule to be active in MW Vibrational transition Infrared spectroscopy – basic concepts Condition for molecule to be active in the IR region Fundamental bands, overtones and hot bands UV visible spectroscopy- conditions Frank Condon Principle Pre dissociation - applications

Raman spectroscopy – Raman scattering, Rayleigh scattering Stokes and antistokes lines in Ramanspectra Quantum theory of Raman effect Comparison of Raman and IR spectra Condition for molecule to be Raman active Structural determination from Raman and IR spectra NMR – nuclear spin and conditions Theory of NMR spectra Number of NMR signals – equivalent and nonequivalent protons