Classification of solids, liquids and amorphous glassy states - Characteristics and structure – Basis and crystal structure - Unit cells and lattice parameters –Crystal systems - Primitive cell – Bravais space lattice – Crystal symmetry – Point group and space group –Packing fraction of simple cubic, fcc, bcc, hcp, diamond and zinc blende structures –Planes, directions and Miller indices – Problem solving

Forces between atoms - Calculation of cohesive energy – Ionic crystals – Bond energy and Lattice energy of ionic crystals – Madelung constant - Compressibility exponent - Covalent bonds and directionality – Properties of covalent compounds – Hardness of diamond - Metallic bonds – Hydrogen bonds X-ray diffraction – Bragg’s law – Bragg’s X-ray spectrometer – Powder crystal method – Correction for Bragg’s equation – Problems solving Lattice Vibrations – Phonons in one-dimensional lattice

Drude’s classical free electron theory of metals –Transport parameters – Inadequacies of classical theory –Sommerfeld quantum theory - Electrons as fermions – Density of energy states and Fermi energy – Fermi distribution function and its dependence on temperature –Analysis of electronic contribution to specific heat – Thermal conductivity in metals - Wiedemann-Franz law – Hall effect -Lattice contribution to specific heat: Dulong-Petit law - Einstein’s theory of specific heat – Debye theory of specific heat

Failure of Sommerfeld free electron theory in Cu and Mg - Band theory of metals – Kronig-Penney model – Allowed and Forbidden bands- Brillouin zones Occurrence of Superconductivity – Meissner effect – Type I and Type II superconductors – Properties of type I in superconducting state: Isotope effect, Critical field, Critical current, Entropy, Specific heat, Thermal conductivity, Acoustic attenuation and Energy gap – Penetration depth – BCS theory – Applications

Magnetic materials –Susceptibility - Review of origin of magnetism - Langevin theory of diamagnetism – Langevin’s theory and Curie law for paramagnetism- Weiss theory of paramagnetism – Paramagnetism in solids – Hund’s rule –Ground state of elements- Magnetic moments- Origin of ferromagnetism – Hysteresis explained by domain model –Internal field and exchange interaction-Weiss molecular field -Curie-Weiss law – Antiferromagnets - Neel temperature – Comparison of susceptibilities.