Intel 8086 Architecture –Pin-out diagram – Bus cycles and timing diagram – 8086 instruction and data formats – Addressing modes – Instruction executing time –Instructions affecting flags - 8086 instructions – Data transfer instruction – Arithmetic instructions – Logical instructions- Branch –String manipulation instructions –Control transfer instructions –Examples -Interrupts of 8086.

Interrupt and its needs - Segmentation – Classification of interrupts – Interrupts of an 8086: Software Interrupt – INTEL predefined interrupts – Divide by 0 interrupt – Single step interrupt – non-maskable interrupt – Breakpoint interrupt – Overflow interrupt – Enabling, disabling and masking – Hardware Interrupt – Priorities of Interrupt – Implementing Interrupt Schemes in an 8086 – Interrupt vector table – INTR and its expansion

Pins and signals and architecture of INTEL 80186, INTEL 80286, INTEL 80386, INTEL 80486 microprocessors – Pins, signals and architecture of Pentium microprocessor –Advanced Pentium processors – Motorola M68000 family: CPU Registers – Data formats – Addressing modes – Instruction set and Assembly directives – Memory management – Instruction and data caches – Exception processing – Concluding comment

Addition of two 16-bit numbers – 16-bit subtraction – Decimal addition – To find the largest number and smallest number in a data array – Sum of array of numbers – Multiplication – Division – Multi byte addition – To arrange numbers in ascending and descending order – 1’s compliments – 2’s compliments – Binary to Gray conversion

Design a microprocessor based system – Temperature control systems – Motor speed control systems – Traffic light control systems – Stepper motor control systems – Clock generator INTEL 8284A – Bus controller INTEL 8288 – Coprocessor INTEL 8087