Thermodynamic processes – Equation of state –Classes of system - Intensive and extensive variables – The P-V diagram – Path and Point functions – Thermal equilibrium and zeroth law of thermodynamics – Thermometry –Temperature scales –Hydrostatic systems - Work –PV diagram and path dependence of work –Work in quasistatic processes – Work and Heat –Adiabatic work - Internal energy function – Mathematical formulation of first law – Differential form of first law – Heat flow and its path dependence –Heat capacity – Cp Cv relations –Quasistatic adiabatic process - PV relations –Experimental determination of γ - Problems solving.

Conversion of work into heat and vice-versa –Efficiency of various heat engines – Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics – Refrigerator - Clausius statement of the second law – Equivalence of these statements –Mechanical, thermal and chemical irreversibilities – Condition for reversibility - Carnot cycle – Carnot refrigerator – Carnot’s theorem and corollary – Thermodynamic temperature scale – Absolute zero and Carnot efficiency – Derivation of Clausius’ theorem –Concept of entropy – Entropy of an ideal gas – The T-S diagram–Third law of thermodynamics – Nernst equation -Problems solving.

Quasistatic flow of heat, heat reservoir –Heat conduction -Coefficient of thermal conductivity- Rectilinear flow of heat along a bar - Forbes method - Lee’s method for bad conductors and liquids – Heat convection and its applications – Black body – Kirchoff’s law – Pressure of radiation - Stefan Boltzmann law - Wien’s displacement law - Rayleigh-Jeans law – Ultraviolet catastrophe – Planck’s radiation law - Experimental verification of Stefan’s law - Newton’s law of cooling from Stefen’s law - Solar constant - Temperature of the Sun - Angstrom’s Pyroheliometer

Microscopic view -Kinetic theory – Basic assumptions – Molecular flux – Derivation of a equation of state, internal energy and pressure for monoatomic ideal gas from kinetic theory of gases – Equation of state of real gases – Critical constants- Transport phenomena– Hard sphere model – Collision cross section – Derivation of coefficient of viscosity, thermal conductivity and coefficient of self-diffusion of a gas using kinetic theory – Problems solving

Probability - Microstate and Macrostate - Ensembles and average properties –Phase space – Fundamental postulates of statistical mechanics – Density of states –Statistical ensembles- Relation between entropy & probability – Boltzmann’s canonical distribution law –Theorem of equipartition of energy – Classical Statistics – Group Velocity and Phase velocity – MB Statistics-MB energy distribution law- MB momentum distribution law - Applications to ideal gas – Distribution of velocity – Quantum Statistics – Phase Space – Fermi –Dirac Distribution Law – Bose–Einstein distribution law – Comparison of three statistics.