Microcontrollers and embedded processors -Microcontroller vs general purpose microprocessors – Microcontroller for embedded systems – Overview of 8051 family – 8051 Architecture – Pin-out diagram and pin functions - 8051 flag bits and PSW register –General and special purpose registers– Oscillator and clock circuit – Reset circuit – I/O Port circuits – Memory organization – Internal program and data memory

Program development tools –Programming model of 8051 –Addressing modes – Data transfer instructions - I/O Port programming – Arithmetic and Logical instructions – Bit level instructions – Branching instructions – Concept of stack, subroutine and related instructions –Writing programs in assembly language 8051

Data types in 8051 C – Programming for time delay –I/O programming in 8051 C – Logic operations in 8051 C – Control statements and loops in embedded C - Functions and Arrays in embedded C - Data conversion programs in 8051 C - Accessing code ROM space using 8051 C - Data serialization using 8051 C

8051 Timer/Counter and Programming: Use of counter as timer – Timer/Counters and associated registers – Various modes of timer/counter operations – Time delay programs in Assembly language/ Embedded C 8051 Serial Port and Programming: Basics of serial communication – RS232 standards -8051 connection to RS232 – Serial data input/output and associated registers – Various modes of serial data communication - Serial data communication programs in Assembly language/ Embedded C

Concept of Interrupt – Interrupt versus polling – Types of interrupts in 8051- Reset, interrupt control and associated registers - Interrupt vectors – Interrupt execution, RETI instruction - Software generated interrupt -Interrupt handler subroutine for timer/counter and serial data transmission/reception in Assembly language/ Embedded C