Introduction: What is OS -History of OS -The OS Zoo- OS Concepts: Processes-Deadlocks-Memory Management-I/O-Files-Security-The Shell. OS Structure-Monolithic Systems- Layered Systems - virtual Machines- Exo-kernels-Client/Server Models. Processes: The Process Model-Process Creation-Process Termination-Process States. Threads: the Thread Model-Thread usage-Implementing Threads in user space & Kernel space

Interprocess Communication: Race Condition-Critical Regions-Mutual Exclusion With Busy Waiting - Sleep & Wakeup - Semaphores. Scheduling: Introduction to Scheduling - Scheduling in Batch Systems - Scheduling in Interactive Systems - Scheduling in Real-Time Systems.

Deadlocks: Introduction, Deadlock Detection And Recovery: Deadlock Detection with one Resource of Each Type- Deadlock Detection with Multiple Resource of each type-Recovery from Deadlock. Deadlock Avoidance: Bankers Algorithm for Single Resource, Bankers Algorithm for Multiple Resources. Deadlock Prevention: Attacking the Mutual Exclusion Condition-Attacking the Hold and Wait Condition-Attacking the No Preemption-Attacking the Circular Wait Condition.

Memory Management: Virtual Memory-Paging-Page Tables-Page Replacement Algorithm: The Optimal Page Replacement Algorithm-The Not Recently Used Page Replacement Algorithm- The First In First Out-The second Chance Page Replacement Algorithm-The Clock Page Replacement Algorithm-The Least Recently Used. Input/output: Principles of I/O Hardware: I/O Devices-Interrupt Handlers.

File Systems: Files: File Naming- File Structure-File Types—File Attributes-File Operation. Directories: Single level directory systems-Hierarchical Directory Systems. Security: The Security Environment-Basics of Cryptography - Attacks: Login Spoofing– Spyware – Firewalls - Antivirus and Anti Antivirus Technique.