Determination of e/m of an electron by Thomson method- Determination of charge of an electron by Millikan’s oil drop method –Rutherford scattering experiment – Rutherford’s model of atom and its limitations - Bohr atom model and hydrogen spectrum - Correspondence principle - Correction due to finite mass of the nucleus - Rydberg constant in terms of reduced mass - Excitation and Ionization potentials - Frank-Hertz experiment - Inadequacies of Bohr model - Bohr-Sommerfeld Model of atom - Problems. X-rays - Production of X-rays - Continuous and characteristic X-ray spectra - Moseley’s law -Compton scattering - Problems on applications in crystallography - Auger effect

The Hydrogen atom - Radial Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom – Quantum numbers- Space quantization of magnetic quantum numbers - Electronic wave functions and probability density – Radiative transitions and selection rules – Orbital motion - Gyromagnetic ratio and Bohr magneton –Zeeman effect Spin angular momentum - Stern-Gerlach experiment and its theory - Larmor’s Theorem – Pauli’s Exclusion Principle. Symmetric and Antisymmetric Wave Functions-Explaining the periodic table- Hund’s rule

Vector atom model - Spin orbit coupling - Total Angular Momentum - Spectral Notations for Atomic States - Spin-orbit coupling in many electron atoms - L-S and J-J couplings-Selection rules- Ground state of atoms- Anomalous Zeeman Effect – Paschen Back effect-Influence of nuclear spins - Hyperfine structure – Selection rules (B) Molecular bonds Molecular bonds: Covalent and ionic – Bonding from wave function perspectives- Examples: The H2+ molecular ion and H2 – molecule- Complex molecules – Molecular orbitals- Examples H2O and CH4.

Electromagnetic spectrum – Mechanisms of interaction of radiation with molecules in different parts of spectra – Elements of practical spectroscopy - Fourier transform spectroscopy Microwave spectroscopy : Diatomic molecule as a rigid rotator – Rotational spectra – Selection rules – Intensity –N on-rigid rotator -Instrumentation. Vibrating diatomic molecule – Simple harmonic oscillator - Anharmonic oscillator - Diatomic vibrating rotator- Fundamental vibrations and their symmetry in polyatomic molecules(only no. of modes) - Instrumentation - Analysis of spectra

Classical and quantum theory of Raman effect- Pure rotational spectra of linear and symmetric top molecules –Vibrational Raman spectra – Rule of mutual exclusion – Rotational fine structure – Polarization of light and Raman effect – Instrumentation Electronic spectroscopy -Vibrational coarse structure- Frank-Condon principle and intensity of spectra – Dissociation energy - Rotational fine structure – Fortrat diagram - Predissociation