Quantum Numbers, Filling up of atomic orbitals: Pauli’s exclusion principle, Aufbau Principle, Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity – electronic configuration. Stability associated with half-filled and completely filled orbitals. Periodic properties of elements – variation of atomic volume, atomic radii and ionic radii, Ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity along periods and groups. Pauling scale of electronegativity.

Ionic Solids: Ionic structures - radius ratio effect and coordination number - limitation of radius ratio rule. Metallic bond: Free electron, valence bond theory and band theory. Weak Interactions: Hydrogen bonding (Intermolecular and Intra molecular H2 - bonding and consequences), Van der Waals forces. Covalent Bond: Valence bond theory and its limitations - Directional characteristics of covalent bond, Various types of hybridization and shapes of simple inorganic molecules and ions - Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory to NH3, H3O+, ICl2, and H2O. Hybridization and geometry of BeCl2, BF3, CH4, PCl5, IF7 and SF6.

Ionic bonding - ionic crystals, NaCl and CsCl crystal structure, Lattice energy and its determination using Born-Haber cycle, factors affecting crystal lattice energy, properties of ionic crystals (high melting point, hardness, electrical conductivity in molten condition and in solution) – ion polarization - Fajan’s rule - solubility of ionic compounds in polar solvents.

Inductive, mesomeric, electromeric effects and hyperconjugation – structure of organic molecules based on sp3, sp2 and sp hybridization. Conformational analysis of ethane and n-butane. Carbocations, Carbanions, Carbenes and Nitrenes: Generation and stability of reactive intermediates – Correlation of reactivity with structure of reactive intermediates. Free radicals: Generation, stability, identification methods - Free radical halogenation reactions and their mechanism. Homolytic and heterolytic cleavages of bonds. Characteristics of nucleophilic, electrophilic and free radical reactions

Restricted rotation about single bond preferred rotational conformations. Alkenes: Preparation by Witting reaction – Mechanisms of beta elimination – E1, E2 and cis elimination – Hoffmanns rule and Saytzeff’s rule. Addition reactions with hydrogen, halogen, hydrogen halide (Markownikoff’s rule) and hydrogen bromide (Peroxide effect).