Introduction: purpose of the database system – view of data – data models – database languages – transaction management – storage management – database administrator – database users. Entity-Relationship models: basic concepts – design issues – mapping constraints – keys – E-R diagram – weak entity sets – Extended E-R features.

Relational Model: Structure of relational databases – the relational algebra - the tuple relational calculus - the domain relational calculus. Relational Database Design: Pitfalls in relational-database design – decomposition – normalization using fundamental dependencies - Distributed Databases: distribution transaction model – commit protocols – concurrency control.

Oracle Tables: DDL: Naming Rules and conventions – Data Types – Constraints – Creating Oracle Table – Displaying Table Information – Altering an Existing Table – Dropping, Renaming, Truncating Table – Table Types – Spooling – Error codes.

Working with Table: Data Management and Retrieval: DML – adding a new Row/Record – Customized Prompts – Updating and Deleting an Existing Rows/Records – retrieving Data from Table – Arithmetic Operations – restricting Data with WHERE clause –Sorting – Revisiting Substitution Variables – DEFINE command – CASE structure. Functions and Grouping: Built-in functions –Grouping Data. Multiple Tables: Joins and Set operations: Join – Set operations.

PL/SQL: A Programming Language: History – Fundamentals – Block Structure – Comments – Data Types – Other Data Types – Declaration – Assignment operation – Bind variables – Substitution Variables – Printing – Arithmetic Operators. Control Structures and Embedded SQL: Control Structures – Nested Blocks – SQL in PL/SQL – Data Manipulation –Transaction Control statements. PL/SQL Composite Data Types: Records – Tables – Varrays