Single crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous materials – single crystals: unit cell, crystal systems, Bravais lattices, directions and planes in a crystal, Miller indices – inter-planar distances - coordination number and packing factor for SC, BCC, FCC, HCP and diamond structures.

Black body radiation – Planck’s theory (derivation) – Deduction of Wien’s displacement law and Rayleigh – Jean’s Law from Planck’s theory – Compton effect. Theory and experimental verification – Properties of Matter waves – G.P Thomson experiment-Physical significance of wave function -Schrödinger’s wave equation – Time independent and time dependent equations– Particle in a one dimensional box –Electron microscope-Tunnelling electron microscope.

Elasticity – Stress-strain diagram and its uses - factors affecting elastic modulus and tensile strength – torsional stress and deformations – twisting couple - torsion pendulum: theory and experiment - bending of beams - bending moment – cantilever: theory and experiment – uniform and non-uniform bending: theory and experiment - I-shaped girders - stress due to bending in beams.

Introduction- Types of defects-Methods of NDT-Visual inspection- Liquid/Dye penetrant testing- Magnetic particle testing-Eddy current testing- Ultrasonic inspection method-Advantages-X-Ray radiography- X-ray fluoroscopy-Comparision of conventional and real time radiography.

Introduction-Units of Vacuum- Vacuum ranges- Production of Vacuum- Classification of Vacuum pumps-Rotary Oil pumps-Diffussion oil pump-turbomolecular pump-cryopumps-Vacuum gauges-thermocouple gauge- vacuum technology-Application of vacuum-High vacuum systems- Thin film deposition.