Elasticity – Stress-strain diagram and its uses – factors affecting elastic modulus – bending of beams. Bending moment – cantilever: theory and experiment. Uniform and non-uniform bending: theory and experiment – I-shaped girders – stress due to bending in beams.

Oscillatory motion – forced and damped oscillations: differential equation and its solution Spontaneous and stimulated emission- Population inversion -Einstein’s A and B coefficients -derivation. Types of lasers – Nd:YAG, CO2, Semiconductor lasers -applications. Principle and propagation of light in optical fibres – Numerical aperture and Acceptance angle - Types of optical fibres (material, refractive index, mode) – Losses in optical fibre- attenuation, dispersion, bending - Fibre Optical Communication system.

Intrinsic Semiconductors – Energy band diagram – direct and indirect semiconductors – Carrier concentration in intrinsic semiconductors – extrinsic semiconductors - Carrier concentration in N-type & P-type semiconductors- Variation of Fermi Energy level with temperature and impurity concentration –Photo detectors(PIN & Avalanche)- Solar cell-V-I characteristics

Single crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous materials – single crystals: unit cell, crystal systems, Bravais lattices, directions and planes in a crystal, Miller indices – inter-planar distances – coordination number and packing factor for SC, BCC, FCC, HCP and diamond structures – crystal imperfections: point defects, line defects – Burger vectors, stacking faults –– growth of single crystals: solution and melt growth techniques(Bridgman and Czochralski method).

Quantum structures - Density of states in quantum well, quantum wire and quantum dot structures – Top-down process: Ball milling method- Bottom –up process: Physical vapour deposition method( Thermal evaporation)-Carbon Nano tubes- Preparation by pulsed laser deposition method, properties and applications, Metallic glasses: preparation, properties and applications. Shape memory alloys (SMA): Characteristics, properties of NiTi alloy, applications