Ecosystem-Definition, scope and importance– concept of an ecosystem – structure and function of an ecosystem – producers, consumers and decomposers - Food chains, Food webs and Ecological pyramids - (a) Forest ecosystem (b) Aquatic ecosystems (Ponds & Oceans).

Introduction to biodiversity definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity– Values of biodiversity– threats to biodiversity–endangered and endemic species of India –conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

Definition–causes, effects and control measures of:(a) Air pollution (b) Water pollution (c) Soil pollution (d) Noise pollution (e) Nuclear hazards.

Introduction –Types-Water resources: Use and over- utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems. Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. case studies. Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources

Sustainable development -From unsustainable to sustainable development – urban problems related to energy - climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion - solid waste management - Rain water harvesting - E -waste Management Case studies. Role of information technology in environment and human health